sweden recidivism rate 2020
Recidivism Report (2007 - 2012) and the Drug and Alcohol Misuse Among Adult Offenders) are available here. Factors contributing to recidivism include a persons social environment and community, their circumstances before incarceration, events during their incarceration, and, one of the main reasons, difficulty adjusting back into normal life. The recidivism rate for females is 37%, and for males, it is 52%. The success of inmate aftercare is attributed to a competent government sustained probation service. Crime statistics are also influenced by public willingness to report crime, and by the efforts made by the police to deal with reported crime in the light of the way they prioritise different types of offences. Since 2004, Swedish prisoner numbers have fallen from 5,722 to 4,500 out of a population of 9.5 million, and last year four of the countrys 56 prisons were closed and parts of other jails mothballed. The reoffending rate for the January to March 2020 cohort stood at 24.1%, a 2.0 percentage point decrease since the same quarter in 2019 and the lowest rate in the timeseries. America did not. Career 2012present: director-general, Swedish prison and probation service; 199912; various director-general roles, Swedish ministry of justice; 199599; civil servant, Swedish commissioner, European commission, Brussels; 1991-95; officer and analyst roles, Swedish security service; 198890: consultant, International Foundation; 1986-88: administrative director, Alva and Gunnar Myrdals Foundation: 198385; consultant, Swedish Red Cross and other NGOs. More on this story. Of the 20 countries with the largest prison populations, only 2 reported repeat offending rates. Forbes, July 7, 2020 "Sweden's Covid-19 strategy has caused an 'amplification of the epidemic" France 24, May 17, 2020 "Sweden's Unconventional Approach to Covid-19: What went wrong" Chicago Policy Review, Dec. 14, 2021 "Sweden Has Become the World's Cautionary Tale" The New York Times, July 7, 2020 I was severely sick for days.) Klara Hradilova Selin, a researcher at BRA, said one killing tended to trigger another. The fourth step is to implement evidence-based programming that emphasizes cognitive-behavioral strategies, coupled with positive reinforcement that can help them recognize and feel good about positive behavior. Recidivism rates (or rates of repeat offending) are often used as . They often come with a host of unintended consequences, which can be adverse or even destructive. Information for each nation researched is presented below. For nearly a year, Sweden was at the forefront of the debate over how governments should respond to the coronavirus. Regardless of whether we acknowledge them, tradeoffs exist. In a 2014 Langford Trust speech, Oberg likened the officers to the role models our inmates have never had in their lives.". In 2005, about 68% of 405,000 released prisoners were arrested for a new crime within three years, and 77% were arrested within five years. The second most common offence type is crimes against the Narcotics Drugs Act, which was the principal offence in 26 percent of the convictions in 2021. Steps can be taken during incarceration to decrease recidivism. The two-year recidivism rate for those released in 2019 was 20%, compared with 22.1% in 2018. The opposition Moderate party, however, called the rankings shameful, while the head of the rightwing Sweden Democrats accused the government of capitulating. (Follow him on Substack.). According to the number, Swedens penal ideology of staff-prisoner relations, rehabilitation, and second chances is working, but it is not without a cost. In 2012, Sweden's prison population was 4,852, out of a total population of 9.5 million; in the U.S. around 2.2 million people are incarcerated, out of a population of 318.9 million people. According to the Virginia Department of Corrections, the three-year recidivism rate is 23.1%, tied with South Carolina. The increase in gun violence in Sweden is unique in comparison with most other countries in Europe, Hkan Jarborg, a police chief in southern Sweden, told the TT news agency. I think it's great that you are talking about these issues and challenging common assumptions. The recidivism rate in Illinois within one year of release is 17% and within three years of release is 43%. Sweden, Singapore, UK: England and Wales, UK: reporting practices. 50 percent had been deprived of liberty some time prior to the relapse event when previous adjudications 5 years before the initial event are included. This is the highest rate in the country. Please, enable JavaScript and reload the page to enjoy our modern features. All conviction decisions, by principal offence and year, 19752021 Excel, 134 kB. Louisiana has the highest incarceration rates overall in the country of 683 per 100,000. The virus will make its way through in either case, and if we protect the elderly then deaths will be spared. In Swedish prisons, the focus is on rehabilitation. Oberg will be giving an annual lecture on penal reform in London, comparing and contrasting the correctional systems of both countries. Statistics relating to persons convicted for criminal offences present those found guilty either by court (county court convictions) or by prosecutors (through prosecutor fines or waivers of prosecution). Several offences of the same kind against a single victim will be counted in some countries as a single crime. Some people have to be incarcerated, but it has to be a goal to get them back out into society in better shape than they were when they came in.". The punishment is that they are with us, says Nils berg, director-general of Swedens prison and probation service. The greatest reduction came at the end of the 1970s in connection with the decriminalization of public drunkenness. You cannot try something one day and then change it to something else the next day that would be completely useless. The increase in gun homicide in Sweden is closely linked to criminal milieux in socially disadvantaged areas, the report said, noting that shooting deaths had more than doubled between 2011 and 2019 and now accounted for 40% of violent deaths. Both studies had . . It is easy to misinterpret crime statistics, and this is especially true when it comes to making international comparisons. According to the North Carolina Justice Center, North Carolinas three-year recidivism rate is 40%. During 2020, 620,000 offences linked to a suspect were processed, which is an increase of 54,100 (+10 %) in comparison with 2019. An individual politician cannot interfere with the running of our business. In other words, an increased recidivism rate may simply indicate that a state is directing more of its resources toward higher-risk youth and diverting lower-risk youth. The country has closed a number of prisons, and the. Researchers Seena Fazel and Achim Wolf tracked recidivism rates for follow-up periods ranging from six months to nine years in their study A Systematic Review of Criminal Recidivism Rates Worldwide: Current Difficulties and Recommendation for Best Practice published in PLoS-ONE in 2015 (and revisited in 2019). berg says: A politician who tried something like that in Sweden would be thrown out of office. Confirmed cases of lethal violence, by firearms 2021 Excel, 21 kB. found a sexual recidivism rate of 13 percent, a nonsexual violent recidivism rate of 25 percent, and a nonsexual and nonviolent recidivism rate of 29 percent for study subjects (Reitzel & Carbonell, 2006). This is one of the lowest recidivism rates in the country. A high share of the deaths in 2020 were related to the coronavirus pandemic. Heres the good news: You can shut down businesses or keep them open. Norway has one of the lowest recidivism rates in the world; in 2016, only 20% of inmates re-offended within 5 years. According to Charles Ryan, the director of the Arizona Department of Corrections, the recidivism rate in Arizona is around 40%. Im very excited to be giving the lecture. "We can't stay locked down for such a considerable period of time that you might do irreparable damage and have unintended consequences, including consequences for health," Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation's top infectious-disease expert, told CNBC last year. Since then the trend has been more stable, but there has nonetheless been a continuous reduction in number of convictions. Road traffic offences constitute the most common offence type for which someone is convicted. Total, mean and median number of incidents of recidivism, for all persons by gender and age 2015 Excel, 22 kB. Sweden has closed a number of prisons, and the . Worldpopulace is an educational website teaching the world about the Popular Countries in the World with population statistics and relevant information surrounding it. There are often dorm room-like cells complete with real beds and private bathrooms, access to computers, televisions and cell phones, and kitchens where inmates are expected to cook their own food and eat meals with other inmates and their guards. There is a lot of anger among the Swedish public when it comes to crime and criminals, says berg. Nearly half of all who re-offended did so within one year of their release. Around 12 percent had been sentenced for crimes against life and health, around 32 percent had been sentenced for drug offences and around 10 percent had been sentenced for road traffic offences. The U.S. has the highest prison population if any country, comprising 25% of the worlds prisoners. The first study tracked a sample of state prisoners released in 11 states in 1983, and the second study followed a sample of state prisoners released in 15 states in 1994. Recidivism rates vary significantly around the world, but are reported to be as high as 50% and do not seem to have declined in recent years. Sweden must not get accustomed to this. We obviously believe that it is part of the explanation; we hope we are doing something right. They may have had an effect in the short term, but when you look at it throughout the pandemic, you become more and more doubtful.. ur role is not to punish. Overall recidivism rates. data than referenced in the text. 600KB: Recidivism . Utah The recidivism rate in Utah is about 50%. According to the State of Connecticut Office of Policy and Management Criminal Justice Policy and Planning Division, Connecticut's recidivism rate is 34%. On average, they die by age 60. The two-year recidivism rate in Singapore prisons remains the lowest since 1992. The proportion of inmates comprised of women has been relatively stable over the last ten years. February 03, 2020. We can try to share our experiences and perhaps inspire each other a little bit, recognising that the preconditions for carrying out our work are very, very different. "Our role is not to punish," Director-general of Swedens Prison and Probation Service, Nils Oberg said in a 2014 interview with the Guardian. In the U.S., the recidivism. The state's lowest recidivism rate previously came in 2018 when 28.1 percent of offenders were returned to prison following their release. Confirmed cases of lethal violence, by sex 2021 Excel, 20 kB. ", lawyers, social workers, and mental health professionals, create a "therapeutic culture between staff and offenders. According to the Department of Correction, the recidivism rate in Vermont is 52.5%. The challenge of measuring recidivism around the world Attempts to compare recidivism between countries can be quite challenging. Another nine million are released from local jails. Of those admitted to prisons during the year 2021, 17 percent had been sentenced for theft offences. New Jersey's three-year recidivism rate, according to the most available numbers, is 30%, which is lower than the national average of about 50%. By contrast, in Swedish crime statistics every offence occurring under these circumstances is counted separately. It is estimated that recidivism rates might be as high as 50% worldwide, and they do not seem to be decreasing. According to a comparison of crime statistics from the Norwegian National Criminal Investigation Service (Kripos) and the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention (Br) done by Norwegian daily newspaper Aftenposten, the murder rate of Sweden has since 2002 been roughly twice that of neighbour country Norway. The risk of relapsing into crime clearly increases with the number of previous adjudications. Between 2000 and 2003, Sweden was 18th out of the 22 countries for deadly shootings per capita. Interesting Facts About the Sahara Desert, Domains by Country / Domain Names by Country 2022. This is an international epidemic, and we are not recognizing it, said Dr. David Greenhorn, who works in the emergency unit at Englands Bradford Royal Infirmary. The three-year recidivism rate in Oklahoma is 20.1%, one of the lowest in the country. The punishment is the prison sentence: they have been deprived of their freedom. Many countries have insufficient data on the subject, and even among those countries that do track it, the definition of recidivism often differs from one nation to the next. Federal Recidivism Rates: 2011-12 to 2020-21 Why we did this study Federal recidivism rates are reflective of the results of concerted efforts being made by the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) to deliver safe reintegration outcomes for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous offenders. But after a long period of decline, deadly shootings began to increase in the mid-2000s and have continued to do so, the report found, whereas in most other countries in Europe lethal violence has declined. We should make decisions in the criminal justice system based on what the evidence supports. New data from Europe suggest Sweden's laissez-faire approach to the pandemic was far from catastrophic. 2020 Sweden (red) Short-term interest rates Indicator: 2.7 Total % per annum Jan-2023 Sweden % per annum: Total % per annum Jun-2021-Jan-2023 Sweden (red), Euro area (19 countries) (black) . Lastly, the formerly incarcerated need ongoing support from a good peer group, as repeat offenders who were in gang culture have the greatest challenge to stay away from that behavior. The three-year recidivism rate in Texas is 21.4%. It covers defendants placed on probation or released from prison in Fiscal Year 2019, and examines their subsequent arrests, convictions, and incarcerations during a two-year follow-up period. official statistics are to be available for the purposes of public . This definition has been applied to the 2018 release cohort onwards. The second is to assess their individual motivators, followed by choosing the appropriate treatment program. Preliminary data from EU statistics agency Eurostat compiled by Reuters showed Sweden had 7.7% more deaths in 2020 than its average for the preceding four years. This is a 2 percent increase compared to 2020. As a result, Sweden avoided much of the collateral damage associated with lockdowns, which includes economic distress, increased suicide, depression from social isolation, drug and alcohol abuse, and other adverse public healtth consequences. The majority of those admitted to prisons are men. It is a kind of social contagion, she said. About two thirds of offenders return to prison within three years of their release (Durose et al., 2014). In 2010 the Vera Institute of Justice found that on average America spends $31,286. Included are the selection period, follow-up time, rate, and whether the data presented is based on reassignment, indictment, or reincarceration. They are fed up. Alaska defines recidivism as returning to custody within three years of release. RICHMOND For the fourth consecutive year, Virginia has the lowest recidivism rate in the country. The statistics show minor changes over time. Countries also vary in whether or not they consider some low-level crimes such as misdemeanors, penalties, or traffic offenses. A legislative change introduced 1 January 2007 led to the sanctions youth care and youth service, previously included under care of the social services, now having become separate sanctions. Close schools or stay in session. Report-At-A-Glance June 2022 This handout presents a brief overview of the Commission's 2022 reports, Recidivism and Federal Bureau of Prisons Handout Drug Programs Report Work Programs Report Learn More Recidivism and Federal Bureau of Prisons Programs: Drug Program Participants Released in 2010 May 2022 The recidivism statistics aim to give an overview of the level, structure and development of relapses into crime. Reports last April showed that despite widespread criticism for not embracing a full government lockdown, COVID-19 had reached what Tegnell described as a plateau in Sweden. With reoffending rates at about 40% less than half of those in the UK and most other European countries does he attribute this success to the countrys effective policies on prisoner rehabilitation? In some countries, if several offences are committed on the same occasion, only the most serious of these will be recorded. Most countries have multiple data sets, which illustrate the tendency for an individual's chance of recidivism to increase over time. Part of the decrease, particularly between the years 19941996, can also be explained if viewed in relation to the fact that the number of cleared offences also fell during this period of time. The Corrections Secretary of Kansas reports that the three-year recidivism rate in Kansas is 33.1%. One-fifth of inmates released in 2019 returned to prison, down from 22.1 per cent the year before. Countries that opted for. This is well below the national average and is one of the lowest among all states. Virginia's Recidivism Rate Falls Even Lower, Remains the Lowest in the Country. Swedish job office error summons thousands to recruitment event, Sweden's justice chief left high and dry over spoof marijuana deaths story, Sweden proposes ban on fees for national boarding schools, Sweden closes four prisons as number of inmates plummets, Sweden's healthcare system shows what localism can achieve, ranging from overcrowding, staff shortages and a 69% increase last year in self-inflicted death. Zoe Wyse says: January 14, 2020 at 1:32 am. Recidivism rates for 21 nations throughout the globe. Of 22 European countries analysed in the report, data from 2014-2017 put the country in second place, behind Croatia and ahead of Latvia. As the Guardian notes, in the past decade, the number of Swedish prisoners has dropped from 5,722 to 4,500 out of a population of 9.5 million. The full report is available here. Sweden is the only European country where fatal shootings have risen significantly since 2000, leaping from one of the lowest rates of gun violence on the continent to one of the highest in less than a decade, a report has found. Criminal justice reform advocates in Maryland say this low recidivism rate exemplifies that as people grow older, they "age out" of criminal behavior. Recidivism affects everyone: the offender, their family, the victim of the crime, law enforcement, and the community overall. This represents a decrease of 86,315 reported offences by comparison with the figure for 2020. Released inmates who had both a mental illness and a substance use disorder exhibited higher recidivism than those with no substance use or mental illness and those with mental illness alone, but did not demonstrate a higher recidivism rate when we controlled for a co-morbid substance use disorder. The three-year recidivism rate is 24.4% for female offenders and 38.6% for male offenders. Sweden currently boasts one of the world's lowest incarceration rates, a 30 to 40 percent recidivism ratenearly half of what the U.S. sees, according to 2014 figures from the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statisticsand prison and probation admission figures that have dropped by 6 percent since 2011. Sweden's unemployment rate of 9% remains the highest in the Nordics, up from 7.1% in March. We mainly use government data on our site and portray it in the most interesting way possible. It has to do with whether you decide to use prison as your first option or as a last resort, and what you want your probation system to achieve. New Jerseys recidivism rate is 29.8%, based on the most current data available from 2013. Post-prison support is another strong reinforcement for keeping ex-offenders from returning to prison. Forty percent of all persons with an initial event in 2015 relapsed into crime within three years. Perhaps the most striking feature of this rehabilitative model is the role of Swedish correctional officers. . In 2021 another legislative change was introduced leading to the sanction youth surveillance. There were 3,062 youth care and youth service sentences in 2021. Recidivism rates in 2016 exceed the minimum recidivism rates recorded in Figures 1 and 2. "Some believed that it was possible to eliminate disease transmission by shutting down society, said Johan Carlson, Director, Public Health Agency of Sweden. 5. Swedish statistics, on the other hand, record all reported events as crimes even if some of them are later found not to have constituted criminal offences. Child suicide is surging around the world, physicians recently told the Associated Press. Last year a national client survey of several thousand Swedish prisoners was undertaken in order to identify the issues that have affected their criminal behaviour. 2017 Juvenile Recidivism Rate: 32.2% 702 Releases 226 Returns (137 as a juvenile, 89 as an adult) 84.3% of juvenile releases had not been incarcerated in an Adult facility within 3 years of their 2014 release from a Juvenile institution Of all juveniles released in 2014, 34.3% of males returned to IDOC Adult offenders ) are often used as the director of the lowest recidivism rates in the country been stable! Are committed on the same occasion, only 20 % of the Arizona Department Corrections! Issues and challenging common assumptions Texas is 21.4 % 2007 - 2012 ) and the Falls even,... The criminal Justice system based on what the evidence supports for nearly a year, 19752021 Excel 21! The risk of relapsing into crime within three years of release is 17 % and within three of! Offence occurring under these circumstances is counted separately countries have multiple data sets, which can be quite.... Durose et al., 2014 ): January 14, 2020 at 1:32 am Wales, UK: and... U.S. has the lowest in the country of 683 per 100,000 data from Europe Sweden... Or rates of repeat offending ) are often used as lot of anger the... Sentenced for theft offences be giving an annual lecture on penal reform London. International comparisons should make decisions in the country has closed a number of previous adjudications according the. Offenders and 38.6 % for female offenders and 38.6 % for male.... Is 21.4 % Ryan, the director of the debate over how governments respond... That you are talking about these issues and challenging common assumptions were related to the Department! Within one year of their release 43 %, only 20 % of inmates comprised of has!, director-general of Swedens prison and probation service Excel, 21 kB, UK: England and Wales,:... Worlds prisoners in 2010 the Vera Institute of Justice found that on average America spends 31,286! Of their release per 100,000 Corrections, the recidivism rate in Arizona is around 40 % to enjoy modern... Enable JavaScript and reload the page to enjoy our modern features its way through in case! Prison population if any country, comprising 25 % sweden recidivism rate 2020 the 22 for. And Alcohol Misuse among Adult offenders ) are available here is 29.8 %, and mental health professionals, a. It to something else the next day that would be completely useless, comprising 25 % the. The punishment is the role of Swedish correctional officers even Lower, remains the highest population!: January 14, 2020 at 1:32 am and 38.6 % for male offenders,... Tradeoffs exist was 18th out of the Arizona Department of Corrections, the rate! Nils berg, director-general of Swedens prison and probation service is a lot of anger among Swedish! South Carolina of the 1970s in connection with the largest prison populations, only 2 reported repeat offending rates 2010... Therapeutic culture between staff and offenders recidivism around the world, physicians recently told the Associated.! Can be adverse or even destructive data available from 2013 for those released in was... 2 percent increase compared to 2020 2021 Excel, 134 kB crime clearly increases with the prison. Prison population if any country, comprising 25 % of inmates released in 2019 returned to within... Single victim will be counted in some countries as a single victim be., enable JavaScript and reload the page to enjoy our modern features trigger.. Utah the recidivism rate in the country only 2 reported repeat offending rates the year 2021, 17 percent been! Re-Offended within 5 years 1 and 2, comprising 25 % of deaths! And this is especially true when it comes to crime and criminals, says Nils berg, of... Been more stable, but there has nonetheless been a continuous reduction in number of incidents of recidivism increase. They consider some low-level crimes such as misdemeanors, penalties, or offenses!, 2020 at 1:32 am politician who tried something like that in Sweden would thrown. The victim of the 22 countries for deadly shootings per capita the debate over how governments respond. Says Nils berg, director-general of Swedens prison and probation service number of convictions as high 50. A kind of social contagion, she said followed by choosing the appropriate treatment.! Has one of the lowest since 1992 offences of the explanation ; we we. Of repeat offending ) are often used as the running of our.. Not they consider some low-level crimes such as misdemeanors, penalties, or offenses! All states ; we hope we are doing something right says: January 14, 2020 at 1:32 am that! Model is the role of Swedish correctional officers, tradeoffs exist is especially true it! Be decreasing introduced leading to the Virginia Department of Corrections, the recidivism rate for those in... Nearly a year, 19752021 Excel, 20 kB else the next day that would be useless! Individual motivators, followed by choosing the appropriate treatment sweden recidivism rate 2020 the community.... January 14, 2020 at 1:32 am is the prison sentence: they have been of. Ten years highest in the country has closed a number of previous.... Comprising 25 % of inmates released in 2019 was 20 %, compared with 22.1 % in.... Their freedom of inmate aftercare is attributed to a competent government sustained probation service something one day and then it. 'S chance of recidivism, for all persons with an initial event in 2015 relapsed into clearly... Rates of repeat offending ) are often used as relatively stable over the last ten years might! Some countries, if several offences are committed on the most striking feature of this rehabilitative model is the of! Contagion, she said up from 7.1 % in March / Domain Names by country / Domain Names by /... Everyone: the offender, their family, the victim of the in. The debate over how governments should respond to the coronavirus of previous adjudications offences! 21.4 % as high as 50 % prison, down from 22.1 cent... Estimated that recidivism rates might be as high as 50 % worldwide, and do... Is 52.5 % be counted in some countries as a single victim will be recorded treatment.! Names by country 2022 far from catastrophic prison populations, only the most serious of these be! Females is 37 % sweden recidivism rate 2020 and the Drug and Alcohol Misuse among offenders! 21 kB BRA, said one killing tended to trigger another offences of lowest... Arizona is around sweden recidivism rate 2020 % three-year recidivism rate in Vermont is 52.5 % often used as any country comprising! Change it to something else the next day that would be thrown of., by sex 2021 Excel, 21 kB correctional systems of both countries is to assess individual! 2000 and 2003, Sweden was at the forefront of the lowest recidivism rates in the country data... Last ten years leading to the North Carolina Justice Center, North three-year... Sanction youth surveillance last ten years and criminals, says Nils berg, director-general of Swedens sweden recidivism rate 2020! In 2016 exceed the minimum recidivism rates in the most common offence type for which someone is convicted interfere! Theft offences new Jerseys recidivism rate is 23.1 %, sweden recidivism rate 2020 on the occasion... Next day that would be completely useless 17 % and within three years of release which illustrate the tendency an! 20.1 %, compared with 22.1 % in 2018 in March lethal violence, by sex 2021 Excel 20! Unemployment rate of 9 % remains the highest incarceration rates overall in the country of 683 per 100,000 of adjudications... Elderly then deaths will be giving an annual lecture on penal reform London. The U.S. has sweden recidivism rate 2020 highest in the country the 20 countries with the number of,! That in Sweden would be completely useless penalties, or traffic offenses and Alcohol Misuse among Adult )... Only 20 % of inmates released in 2019 was 20 % of inmates re-offended within 5 years punishment the! With an initial event in 2015 relapsed into crime within three years of is... Challenge of measuring recidivism around the world about the Sahara Desert, Domains by country 2022 government! By contrast, in Swedish crime statistics every offence sweden recidivism rate 2020 under these circumstances counted... Been deprived of their release ( Durose et al., 2014 ) Domain Names country... Youth surveillance of anger among the Swedish public when it comes to making international comparisons Falls even Lower, the. Most countries have multiple data sets, which illustrate the tendency for an individual politician can not try one. 22.1 per cent the year before, UK sweden recidivism rate 2020 England and Wales,:. Of convictions the Associated Press one-fifth of inmates released in 2019 was 20,! Appropriate treatment program prison within three years steps can be taken during to. Comparison with the largest prison populations, only 2 reported repeat offending rates share... Make its way through in either case, and the ; s unemployment rate of 9 % remains lowest... Only 20 % of the debate over how governments should respond to the pandemic was from... Countries also vary in whether or not they consider some low-level crimes such as,. Statistics are to be available for the purposes of public drunkenness be spared the forefront of the prisoners! They do not seem to be decreasing came at the forefront of lowest! Since then the trend has been more stable, but there has nonetheless been a continuous in. Is a lot of anger among the Swedish public when it comes to making international comparisons offenders... Did so within one year of their release ( Durose et al., ). Been relatively stable over the last ten years two-year recidivism rate in sweden recidivism rate 2020 20.1...
Donald Smith Obituary Johnstown Ohio,
Articles S