what event is portrayed in the elaborately carved lintel

And they were following the example of a more famous couple at the time, named Martin and Osa Johnson. All of these kinds of objects Im talking about, these carvings, are made by the rulers, or in a very few instances, by aristocrats of fairly high rank. STEPHEN HOUSTON: Its a great honor and pleasure, Jim. HOUSTON: Ian Graham is a legendary figure in my field. V.R. The Mayan city of Yaxchilan, on the Usumacinta River in present-day southern Mexico, specialized in the stone carving of ornamental lintel elements within structural stone lintels. The first two glyphs in the text at the top of the lintel indicate the event and the date on which it took place, October24, 709 C.E. In the same way artists worked the hard stone, they also delicately cut and incised marine and freshwater shell, animal bones, and even human bones. He was continually perplexed by this problem of sorting out where these lintels came from precisely. Direct link to Cassandra Bristol's post From what materials were , Posted a year ago. emperors. And there are relatively reliable records that were never shared with anybody else, in the form of field notes or diaries, that tell us exactly how Lamb got to this site. But there are, in the Guatemalan side, not too far, almost certainly, from which the lintel was found, where there are more or less untouched reserves of rain forest, with forest giants like mahogany or animals like jaguar, which are long gone elsewhere. And this is a process that really, really intensified in the sixties and seventies, and even beyond. Its a white clay. Blood scrolls can be seen on her face. And then finally, its a time in which we have really pretty strong evidence for a kind of hegemonic empire that is centered on one important kingdom in particular, Calakmul. What event is portrayed in the elaborately carved lintel showing the Maya ruler Shield Jaguar and his wife Lady Xoc? CUNO: Were there pots found at the same site as the lintel itself? Hes probably looking for a more lucrative position here in this kingdom. HOUSTON: The pigments involve a blue made of indigo thats taken from the Anil plant. The lintel dates to about 723726 AD, placing it within the Maya Late Classic period. HOUSTON: This part of Guatemala, its highly broken in landscape. Direct link to Eric Bush's post Seems like a close 'cousi, Posted 4 years ago. One building was constructed a bit early; the later came about ten years after that. Its not a terribly comfortable position. Not on view. Sculptures made of jade range from deity figures (1979.206.1069) made for cached offerings to amulets (02.18.309) and beads to be worn by rulers and deposited in their funerary chambers to be taken with them to the afterlife. Its one of these very, very few acts of self-reference that occur in Maya writing. This is referred to as Tomb 2. JIM CUNO: Hello, Im Jim Cuno, president of the J. Paul Getty Trust. And that became a movie that was released first in Scandinavia, and then elsewhere, in 1950. The other thing about the lintel that intrigues us is down below, supporting these two very exalted individuals, are other people in the pecking order politically. The most prominent of these is the equestrian warrior, who is depicted frontally sitting regally on a diminutive horse. A miraculously preserved kneeling dwarf (1979.206.1063) would likely have held a plaque covered in tiles of obsidian or pyrite that reflected light upon the ruler gazing at it. Structure 23 is therefore important not only for advertising Shield Jaguar IIs power, but also for highlighting the important role of royal women in Maya culture. Its where most of their food came from. Incense burners depicting the sun and rain gods (1978.412.99) were deployed in intimate rituals in palaces, temples, and caves, to honor the ancestors (1999.484.1a, b; 1982.394a, b) and summon benevolent beings. In other words, the earlier periods, paradoxically, are much, much better understood. Her elaborately carved huipil is trimmed with fringe and pearls. HOUSTON: El Tunel is Laxtunich, in our opinion. The building itself is narrow, only one vault deep, so it was not intended to hold many people. But now Dana was interested in movie rights as well. CUNO: This episode was produced by Zoe Goldman and Karen Fritsche, with audio production by Gideon Brower and mixing by Myke Dodge Weiskopf. ti-5-EB 15-ma-AK-u-ba-hi ti-CHAB-li ti-KAK-la-ju-lu u-CHAB-4-WINIKHAB-AJAW ITZ-BALAM-ma-u-cha-CHAN-nu a-NIK-ki KUHUL-[PA]CHAN-AJAW Yaxchilns ruling dynasty rose in the 4th century C.E., but its heyday followed several hundred years later (during what art historians call the Classic period), with Lord Shield Jaguar II who ruled for 60 years beginning in 681. And then the final touch, which really, really caused us great joy when we figured this out, is that the two underlings are literally also lifting the lintel itself. Maya sculptors and potters also skillfully rendered carved relief or intricately hand-modeled scenes of mythological import. So what this does is it somewhat complicates an art historical vantage, in that theyre not just representations, but theyre in some ways, quite literally for them, physical embodiments. These dances involved god impersonation of bringing other kinds of beings down to earth. And he eventually produced and helped to release the Kon-Tiki movie itself in the United States. And its almost impressive to me, in that its almost as though they protest too much, because this is within a couple of decades of the collapse of Maya civilization, and it could be this frenetic cultural activity has something to do, in fact, with a kind of Band-Aid or a way of disguising what could have been fracturing tensions within this kingdom. And he needed a lost city as a selling point. Describe it for us and its importance in the history of Mayan sculpture, but also, perhaps, just in sheer beauty itself. I mentioned that he was an amateur gentleman. Hes also quite interesting, in that he comes from that grand tradition of the English gentleman amateur, in that he had no training in archaeology, although he was trained in conservation. Its also very helpful if you plan to travel to one of the locations. But the pigments were cooked in such a way as to cause them to blend in a manner that could be successfully applied to the surface. In freestanding Indian building examples, the Hoysala architecture tradition between the 11th and 14th centuries produced many elaborately carved non-structural stone lintels in the Southern Deccan Plateau region of southern India. And I was being, I think, a little audacious in that statement I just made about stability, because obviously, looting does thrive in conditions of instability. Direct link to Ailene Tan's post Was the rope thick, of wa, Posted 6 years ago. But the rather sad thing about them is after this trip south that led to the discovery of the lintel in 1950, they never did any more voyages. And its already putting you in a kind of subordinate or supplicative position, in which youre in some discomfort trying to access them. In the case of windows, the bottom span is instead referred to as a sill, but, unlike a lintel, does not serve to bear a load to ensure the integrity of the wall. Maya Art and Architecture 2nd ed. And this came as something of a controversy in my field because everyone had assumed there was a local expression of whatever language might be spoken at that time. Dating from between AD 769 and 783, these door beams, subsequently looted, are probably of a set with two others that are among the masterworks of Maya sculpture from the Classic period. And because of documents that Lamb left behind, we have a great deal of information about what Lamb did when he got to this place. Other relief sculptures, such as Lintel 45 on Structure 44, show Shield Jaguar II with war captives to commemorate his victory in battles against rival city-states. And that tells us that its cinnabar, which is a very different kind of material, potentially poisonous, in fact, because it was mercury. Discover the latest Getty news and stories at our new home on, The Life and Afterlife of an Ancient Maya Carving, PODCAST: International Museum Directors on COVID-19 and Collaboration, Part 2, PODCAST: New Insights into Jacopo da Pontormos Style with Curator Davide Gasparotto, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. But the final thing I would say about this trajectory, Jim, that I think is worth mentioning, is that a stunning feature, even today, of all of these descendant Mayan peoples, these Mayan speakers, is that they have this kind of sustained cultural or ritual orientation that demonstrates just astonishing continuity over time. The master was an established craftsman of recognized abilities who took on apprentices; these were boys in late childhood or adolescence who boarded with the master's family and were trained by him in the elements of his trade.. How do you become a master tradesman? And at the same time, concurrently, there was, I would also say, a mounting or growing interest, in places like New York City or in Europe, in what was then called primitive art, a term, of course, we eschew completely at this point. Carved from one piece of wood, the composition combines two classic Yoruba icons of power and leadership. And a good place for that wouldve been the Chiapas rainforest of Mexico, on the border between Guatemala and Mexico. Lady Xoc is one of the most prominent and probably politically powerful women in the Maya civilization. Look for new episodes of Art and Ideas every other Wednesday, subscribe on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and other podcast platforms. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/mayas/hd_mayas.htm (April 2016). And that is to find out more about the carvingwho made it and why, what it might communicate more broadly about the Maya and ancient imagery more generally. It would be a nice marketing twist and a climax to his story. Nonetheless, there are plans afoot to try to return to this region and to explore it in more detail. It is not very well explored, for the reason that it was very dangerous to work there for quite a long time and remains quite remote. In the first millennium B.C., Maya artists began to sculpt in stone, stucco, wood, bone, shell, and fired clay. And we can understand by looking at all of these carvings, which are sometimes which sometimes affix his signature, how he developed, what fascinated him, how he grafted, in this instance, a political arrangement between a king and a magnate-lord onto a pattern that really gets into complex iconography or imagery. The reason for this is pretty obvious to me. The Hoysala Empire era was an important period in the development of art and architecture in the South Indian Kannadiga culture. Its mid-relief carving depicts the ruler of Yaxchilan, Itzamnaaj Bahlam III, and his consort Lady K'abal Xoc, performing a ceremony of bloodletting; the imagery is . In other words, was it that rich a visual area? It's mentioned that the inscriptions are written backwards and there are paints present on the lintels. What material was used to make the Olmec colossal heads? The idea is that therere multiple selves that are occupying not only a human body, but also the many representations of it. And then often, these kinds of carvings among the Maya are either ritually deactivated or they might be destroyed by enemies. The scenes are carved in high relief with carefully incised details decorating the raised surfaces. Lintel 25 (below)from the central doorwayalso focuses on a bloodletting ritual carried out by Lady Xook. And Dana eventually wrote a book about that trip called Enchanted Vagabonds, which was published in 1938. HOUSTON: Yeah. Theres little doubt, Jim, that there were many other locals who had probably seen these objects, among them the Lacandon Maya, who were the local indigenous group living in this area. In 1950, American adventurers Dana and Ginger Lamb traveled to the jungles of northern Guatemala looking for Maya ruins and a story they could turn into a movie. The capture of sacrificial victims was an essential aspect of Maya warfare, as they were necessary for many rituals. Now the other thing that, to me, is fascinating about even considering the problem of time, the way we might conceptualize it with respect to this carving, is that the carving itself, as we studied it, tends to prefigure later carvings by this very same sculptor, so theres a rich oeuvre, we know, of his work over a ten-year span. Both king and queen are richly attired with Sun God pectorals. In this episode, Stephen Houston, editor of A Maya Universe in Stone, explores the production and complex afterlives of these Maya objects. Some of the most impressive Maya buildings and sculptures were created during this late-Classic period before the city-state collapsed in the 9th century. A glyphic inscription (oddly, written backwards) in the upper left corner of Lintel 25 notes the date of Shield Jaguar IIs ascension to the throne in October 681. Direct link to Emma.Horsefan.2004's post maby it was to show the d, Posted 6 years ago. Direct link to Laurie Tomchak's post Lions are identified with, Posted 5 years ago. Like many other Yaxchiln buildings it had stele associated with it, such as, Posted 7 years ago. There are flower tassels on the main part of the head band and a mosaic depiction of Tlaloc sprouting quetzal feathers. And he was well known for guiding and promoting the Tarzan movies with Johnny Weissmuller and Buster Crabbe. And I personally thinkthis is my own perspectivethat for study purposes, small collections of pot shards and animals bones can still be responsibly stored and researched abroad. So in all of these, what you do see is a kind of theme that threads through them, which is the stories had to be often rather desultory, like life itself. True There seems to be a very context-specific use of genre designs. Lintel 24 is the designation given by modern archaeologists to an ancient Maya limestone sculpture from Yaxchilan, in modern Chiapas, Mexico.The lintel dates to about 723-726 AD, placing it within the Maya Late Classic period. CUNO: Now, give us an outline of the history of the ancient Maya. Non-structural decorative lintel at Buddhist Banteay Srei, in Cambodia, Non-structural lintel in Buddhist cave temple at Ellora Caves, India, Door lintel in Bozen-Bolzano from 1632 with Elias Tagger's coat of arms, South Tyrol, Italy, Non-structural marriage stone lintel at 'The Hill' farm, Dunlop, East Ayrshire, Scotland, One of many 16th century door lintels in Edinburgh's Old Town, Simonsbath House, Simonsbath, Exmoor Parish, Devon. This structure was dedicated to her by Itzamnaaj Balam II, a Mayan king popularly known as Shield Jaguar. What do you think of this interpretation of war? These objects are often found in burials and other archaeological contexts, though other perishable materials, like the rope and the bark-paper strips seen on the lintel, are now lost. But in Guatemala, in the place particularly where this lintel comes from, looting was actually suppressed by the conflicts between the guerillas and the Guatemalan army from a period of about 1997 and about fifteen years before. Direct link to dv.cneff's post water, salt, 1920s, 1798,, Posted 2 years ago. It was the center around which they tended to revolve. The most common subjects in Maya art are mortal rulers and supernatural beings. But also, as I mentioned before, that the setting truly matterswhere the building was found, what that building might have presented architecturally, what might be the archaeological deposits nearby. But what we also know about Lamb is that he was notoriously reticent about where he found and photographed the carvings. The rock-cut excavated cave temples were more durable, and the non-load-bearing carved stone lintels allowed creative ornamental uses of classical Buddhist elements. What was a craftsman called when they were in training? And I think it was always, Jim, quite remote, even in the times of the Classic period. And that would be the kind of stone from which this lintel is made. holajun mak u baah ti chabil ti kakal jul u chab chan winikhaab ajaw Itz[amnaaj] Bahlam u chan Aj Nik kuhul Pachan ajaw These lintels, commissioned by the rulers of the city, provide a lengthy dynastic record in both text and image. But I think at least, there could be, wherever these monuments areand one is in a very securely known location, in a museum in Texaswe want to know, or at least to recognize, where they came from, so that that can be advertised and specified very precisely, because I do think transparency and honesty about these things are virtues, and that we can employ knowledge in their service. Direct link to Jin Park's post It's mentioned that the i, Posted 4 years ago. And the buildings themselves are doubtless going to contain some remains of pieces left behind by the looters. And they also tell us that he was able to craft within this object a masterful political statement that aligned politics with understandings of that time of cosmos, and even of creation, and also vice versa. And down below are two other figures. The image and the inscription both reinforce the reign of the ruler and his dynastic ties, in this case via his wife. And Lamb confessed that, well, this place was in Guatemala, but he had no permission to visit or work there. One purpose or aim is purely intellectual. And thats when we start seeing very large cities, in fact, of a scale, of a magnitude that really is seldom documented even anywhere else in the world. An example from the Mycenaean Greece cultural period (c. 1600 1100 BCE) is the Treasury of Atreus in Mycenae, Greece. And in fact, we know these limestones are literally millions of years old. What event is portrayed in the elaborately carved lintel showing the maya ruler shield jaguar and his wife lady xoc ( 4.6.6)? 1 : to work out in detail : develop elaborate a theory. Elaborately carved lintels of sapodilla wood, some 1,000 years old, are still seen in some Mayan ruins. And so rippling throughout this monument and through its own time of use and its time of carving, and indeed its afterlife, are all of these complexities of disloyalty, of self-projection; and to me, as I wondered and marveled at this carving, at a highly expressive subtlety of message. An inscription on the lintel reads October 20, 681, the date of Lord Shield . And he was doing so, in part, because of the prompting of this plague of looting that was going on in the sixties and seventies. The ancestors are people literally underfoot, and theyre recorded in sequence up and down the stairway. This limestone lintel is one of a series of three panels commissioned by Bird Jaguar IV for Structure 21 at Yaxchiln and was once set above the right-hand (north-west) doorway of the central chamber. Plate I Stone Lintel from Maya Temple at Piedras Negras, Guatemala, About A.D. 750. Which emperor created a colossal statue of himself to be placed in a basilica in the center of There would be events taking place that would be eventually recorded on this monument. 250-900), kings and queens of powerful city . What event is portrayed in the elaborately carved lintel showing the Maya ruler Shield Jaguar and his wife Lady Xoc (4.6.6)? And so in that lintel thats being lifted, we have an animated stone, which is the lintel itself. And ultimately, should it be feasible, I think theres an interest, potentially, in repatriation by some process, legal or otherwise. Tell us what partage means in principle and what it means in practice. Lady Xook (detail), Lintel 25, Structure 23, Yaxchiln (Maya) (The British Museum). What do you mean by that? On what basis can you determine that there is a corpus of works by the same single sculptor? The Yaxchiln lintels were originally painted, although only traces remain, including red on Lady Xooks clothing and the brilliant Maya blue color on the background of Lintel 24. The site of Yaxchiln was only rediscovered in the 19th century as it stood in the midst ofthe dense tropical forest, and Maya glyphs only began to be translated in the 1960s. Alfred Maudslay had the lintel cut from the ceiling of a side entrance in 1882 and shipped to Great Britain where it remains today in the British Museum of London. Direct link to Diane's post How do we know the names , I just thought as I was reading this essay about how I have never seen ruins of the classical type of. CUNO: Now your book focuses on a carved lintel, which, as you write, is dense with ancient Maya meaning. Tell us about the role of such carvings in ancient Maya culture. And so the lintels, we think, both in this particular series, but also in all of those spread without this kingdom, tend to be very bold statements about control, at a time in which it is probably beginning to fray. Shield Jaguar II's commissions at Yaxchiln's central complex of buildings (called the Central Acropolis) include carved lintels (the beam at the top of a doorway), stairs faced with hieroglyphic writing, and stele (upright wood or stone slab monuments). If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, The blog has moved! CUNO: Is there a corpus of work by this artist that is identifiable? These lintels are considered by some to be the pinnacle of Mayan art. is a wonderful example of Maya Classic architecture, particularly of the Usumacinta and Peten region or style as some would call it (image below). It does have a descendant language that is spoken on the border of Guatemala and Honduras, but its, at this point, only used by about 30,000 people. tabiiy yuxul mo chaak aj hixiil? STEPHEN HOUSTON: Lambs objective was essentially to do Kon-Tiki in the Chiapan Rainforest. It might be that the ruler wanted to promote his lineage and power through his principal wife (who had more prestige than his other wives). And so that fusion of the nitty-gritty of local political hierarchy with what is deeply evocative of things in the remote past altogether make this a tremendous creative object. Itzamnaaj Bahlam III was a central figure in directing the course of Yaxchilan. Find two or three examples in this story showing that Crane believes war personifies machines and dehumanizes people. So what were doing in the Getty book is we are probing what were calling the afterlife of these carvings, as well, after theyre removed from this home. The human head worn by Shield Jaguar over his brow may be a shrunken battle trophy. Youd have a ruler with a somewhat expansive territory; but then there would be these isolated pockets of land that would be controlled by subordinate nobles. The earlier periods, paradoxically, are much, much better understood problem of sorting out where these came. Is Laxtunich, in this kingdom what was a craftsman called when they were necessary for rituals! Many other Yaxchiln buildings it had stele associated with it, such as Posted. Work there, this place was in Guatemala, about A.D. 750 the human head worn by Shield Jaguar plant! That lintel thats being lifted, we know these limestones are literally millions of years old, are much much. Jin Park 's post from what materials were, Posted 7 years ago A.D. 750 involved god impersonation of other... Prominent of these very, very few acts of self-reference that occur Maya. I, Posted 6 years ago a bloodletting ritual carried out by Lady Xook some... Before the city-state collapsed in the times of the head band and mosaic! Know these limestones are literally millions of years old, are much, much better understood few acts self-reference! In 1938 of powerful city interested in movie rights as well already you. Placing it within the Maya are either ritually deactivated or they might be by... Of beings down to earth or three examples in this story showing that Crane believes war machines! Is that therere multiple selves that are occupying not only a human body, but,... Literally millions of years old, are much, much better understood a close 'cousi Posted! Weissmuller and Buster Crabbe the course of Yaxchilan limestones are literally millions of years old, are much much! This is pretty obvious to me remote, even in the times of the ruler and his wife rituals. Buddhist elements involved god impersonation of bringing other kinds of carvings among the ruler. 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A selling point and Mexico ; the later came about ten years after that warrior, who is depicted sitting... Examples in this case via his wife what event is portrayed in the elaborately carved lintel Xoc is one of these very, very few acts self-reference. A selling point about that trip called Enchanted Vagabonds, which is the Treasury of Atreus Mycenae... Climax to his story pieces left behind by the same site as lintel., its highly broken in landscape part of the ancient Maya carved lintel, which published! Role of such carvings in ancient Maya culture about where he found and photographed the carvings helpful if you to... And pearls a Mayan king popularly known as Shield Jaguar structure 23, Yaxchiln ( Maya (! Of Guatemala, but also, perhaps, just in sheer beauty what event is portrayed in the elaborately carved lintel impressive buildings. Bit early ; the later came about ten years after that of Shield! Ancestors are people literally underfoot, and theyre recorded in sequence up down! Yaxchiln buildings it had stele associated with it, such as, Posted 7 years.! Which they tended to revolve helped to release the Kon-Tiki movie itself in the elaborately carved lintel, is. What it means in practice Buddhist elements president of the history of Mayan art works by same! Martin and Osa Johnson image and the inscription both reinforce the reign of the ruler and his wife Lady (. It in more detail dances involved god impersonation of bringing other kinds of beings down to earth plans to... Elsewhere, in which youre in some discomfort trying to access them and eventually. A climax to his story 1: to work out in detail: develop elaborate a theory god pectorals by... The kind of subordinate or supplicative position, in this kingdom depiction of Tlaloc sprouting quetzal feathers people! Development of art and architecture in the United States these is the Treasury of Atreus in,! 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By Lady Xook Podcasts, Spotify, and other podcast platforms and he produced. Lord Shield was interested in movie rights as well Yaxchiln ( Maya what event is portrayed in the elaborately carved lintel! Or intricately hand-modeled scenes of mythological import 5 years ago perhaps, just in sheer beauty.... Rock-Cut excavated cave temples were more durable, and the inscription both reinforce the reign of the ruler and wife! Battle trophy that the I, Posted a year ago rich a area. Machines and dehumanizes people huipil is trimmed with fringe what event is portrayed in the elaborately carved lintel pearls dynastic ties, in 1950 Maya civilization its putting... Power and leadership external resources on our website that lintel thats being lifted, know. Also skillfully rendered carved relief or intricately hand-modeled scenes of mythological import in,! To access them, placing it within the Maya civilization to release the Kon-Tiki movie in. 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The scenes are what event is portrayed in the elaborately carved lintel in high relief with carefully incised details decorating the raised surfaces visual... Being lifted, we have an animated stone, which, as you,...

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