examples of groupthink in healthcare
These groups are highly prone to groupthink quick agreement around status quo solutions with little discussion or deliberation. Weak-willed and ineffective politicians, mercenary insurers, greedy pharmaceutical companies, cadres of lobbyists, and others standing in the way of innovation and positive change must be thwarted by most any means necessary. This ad shows Jenner attending a protest march and climaxes with her handing a can of Pepsi to a police officer. Engineers of the space shuttle repeatedly voiced concerns about the safety of the . There are dozens of reasons why the market crashed. What actually happened was that an economic bubble steadily grew and eventually popped. For example, the root cause of their problems was the growing popularity of fruit juices and diet sodas. This enhances decisions and makes it less likely that groups will fall into groupthink patterns. Verywell Mind content is rigorously reviewed by a team of qualified and experienced fact checkers. Then, provide an example of each. This scoping review aimed to examine the conceptualization of groupthink in health care, empirical research conducted in healthcare teams, and recommendations to avoid groupthink. The phenomenon can be problematic, but even well-intentioned people are prone to making irrational decisions in the face of overwhelming pressure from the group. Prior to making a major decision, go around the room and ask each member for the pros and cons of the decision. Blood donors expect payment. Here are four biases that commonly surface in medicine. When Suspicion of Others Is Turned on the Ingroup Craig Harper Ph.D. on June 23, 2022 in Articles of Heterodoxy Conspiracy. This phenomenon embodies the worst aspects of this concept, including the total belief that the group is in the right. Children (Basel). According to psychologist Irving Janis, groupthink is "a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment that . Groupthink among health professional teams in patient care: A scoping review. Groupthink may not always be easy to discern, but there are some signs that it is present. Encourage independent versus group thinking.ie always ask whether there is a different perspective on the issue. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Despite this, the Pearl Harbor command didnt actually believe that the Japanese would attack. Studentsshould always cross-check any information on this site with their course teacher. This can contribute to inefficient decision making as ideas and thoughts go unchallenged in favour of cohesion. A number of factors can influence this psychological phenomenon. When people in groups have diverse backgrounds and experiences, they are better able to bring different perspectives, information, and ideas to the table. Space shuttle engineers knew about certain faulty parts before the take-off. A great example of this is the movie 12 Angry Men. Groupthink: Psychological studies of policy decisions and fiascoes (2nd ed.). Example of Groupthink. These groups are tasked with developing consensus around new ideas, such as procedures, policies, products, or services. Literature search and article selection process. There's a reason that ideaseven erroneous onescatch fire on social media or in popular culture: groupthink. Dr. Donelson Forsyth holds the Colonel Leo K. and Gaylee Thorsness Endowed Chair in Ethical Leadership in the Jepson School of Leadership at the University of Richmond. When the Washington Post broke Watergate, it caused a national scandal and led to Richard Nixon resigning. Despite this, group leaders within NASA choose to ignore these warnings. ObamaCare is an Example of Groupthink Gone Wrong original article written by Net Advisor WASHINGTON, DC. Boston, Mass. An official website of the United States government. As the millennial generation enters into full leadership of most industries worldwide over the coming decade, we must hold out hope that the younger generation can succeed where its predecessors failed. At the time, there was no standard technology platform for health care providers, and no common technical language or coordination efforts across state lines. All of this changed once digital cameras arrived. We cite peer reviewed academic articles wherever possible and reference our sources at the end of our articles. Often times, the pressure to make a correct evaluation especially for experts can feel paralyzing when errors are costly. This group soon turned toxic and was no longer qualified to make good decisions. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Groupthink. Why does groupthink occur? One of the features of groupthink is that such groups often have exaggerated beliefs in their abilities. What is groupthink? Summaries of recent APA Journals articles, Advancing psychology to benefit society and improve lives, Educational Psychology, School Psychology, and Training, Industrial/Organizational Psychology and Management. . The best way to avoid this phenomenon is to make yourself aware of it (studying the above examples will help.) Groupthink or herd mentality refers to maintaining uniformity and cohesiveness in thoughts and action by every group member due to in-group pressures. House prices would continue to rise no matter what. Your body is trying to tell you something. Highly cohesive and/or non-diverse groups, An influential leader who feels infallible and suppresses dissenting information, Decision-making under stress or time constraints, Non-consideration of outside perspectives, Efforts to maintain/boost group members self-confidence. Bang D, Frith CD. These communications confirmed that an attack was imminent. Stereotyped beliefs about other groups can contribute to this biased sense of rightness. This more than likely happened because the community wanted to keep group cohesiveness and harmony in the town. Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author and educational consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology. Thus, they failed to prepare for the bombing of Pearl Harbour, which claimed many lives. . They found that the groups who avoided groupthink followed three steps: 1) They challenged the status quo; 2) They adopted a placeholder solution that allowed them to agree on broad principles even if they disagreed on the details; and 3) They celebrated progress towards a final agreement, which allowed them to maintain morale and momentum. In the above conversation, when Kevin says: Say a patient gives Dr. Jones permission to view and incorporate their information, rather than selling the group a great idea, he invites members to play and experiment with him to make the idea work. This group might come to distrust and even inflict violence on outgroup members with different political views. This challenge quickly went viral, and millions of people took part, without really knowing what the purpose of the stunt was. Epub 2020 Sep 12. The existence of mindguards blocking alternative information and options, American officials did not anticipate or adequately prepare for, A homogenous (yet experienced) team of American decisionmakers decided to. It seemed unbeatable, and this gave the company leaders a feeling of invulnerability. This added the feeling of time pressure to the groupthink. Four of the main characteristics of groupthink include pressure to conform, the illusion of invulnerability, self-censorship, and unquestioned beliefs. Group decision making: The potential for groupthink. What are some examples of groupthink in healthcare? This is essentially a member who argues against the groups accepted opinion. In medical education, groupthink occurs in the long sleepless hours worked by medical residents. The absolute proof that America's collective groupthink problem poses a danger has unfortunately emerged from the right side of the aisle. Next, encourage the group to adopt and discuss a liminal idea. Ken: Is there a way to propose a less onerous, but still comprehensive account? Groupthink is when nations, societies, cultures, political parties, organizations, teams and other groups produce irrational strategies, decisions, rules, plans, actions and designs out of a desire to reduce social conflict with the group and create a sense of connectedness and belonging . Janis identified a number of different "symptoms" that indicate groupthink.. In situations characterized by groupthink, individuals may self-censor criticism of the group decision, or group leaders may suppress dissenting information. You dont speak up because you like your colleagues and want to avoid putting them in an awkward position by challenging their idea. Consider allowing people to submit anonymous comments, suggestions, or opinions. 2022 May 18. This article provides a summary of research related to the groupthink theory. This tendency to seek consensus above all else also means that group members may not adequately assess the potential risks and benefits of a decision. a group of intelligent people working together to solve a problem can sometimes arrive at the worst possible answer., Well, thats the way weve always done it., Well, I was hazed, bullied, and sabotaged as a new nurse and now its my turn to get some payback; why should these new nurses get off easy?. According to experts, this happened because intelligence agents needed to please their superiors. Contexts facilitating Groupthink Table 1. The current analysis examined media descriptions of these antiquarantine groups to determine if these groups' divergent responses to a legally and medically warranted health initiative resulted from groupthink: the deterioration of judgment and rationality that sometimes occurs in groups. "Groups affected by groupthink ignore alternatives and tend to take irrational actions that dehumanize other groups" Social Psychologist Irving Janis (1972). And Ryan interpreted the audit system not allowing for patient control as onerous. 3 Groupthink Examples Fueled by the Internet The trends of corporate teams, open offices, and cooperative learning in schools were fueled by the rise of the Internet and lessons drawn from it. More specifically, it was because members of the team who designed the shuttle felt that the testing efforts were adequate. They ignored the dangers and negative feedback, blindly trusting the military advantage of the U.S. Two well-known examples of Groupthink in action are . This caused widespread devastation and financial ruin for many people. Seekprofessional input on your specific circumstances. Don't discourage dissent or challenges to the prevailing opinion. The first shuttle, name Challenger was planned to take off in January 1986. Identifying the best individual can be challenging. The four cross-functional task forces we studied met virtually and had members from different industries, including health care (e.g., doctors, nurses, a hospital president), insurance (e.g., insurance executives), technology (e.g., executives from IT, internet-based medical services, telemedicine experts) and government agencies (e.g., the Veterans Association, the U.S. Treasury). But Donelson Forsyth, in an article published in Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, suggests a second explanation for this unusual refusal to act in ways that are reasonable, healthy, and normative: groupthink. Their higher intelligence also makes them believe that whatever they think is right. Other team members appear excited about and pleased with the campaign, but you have some concerns. They subscribe to views/decisions they disagree with. This, along with a failure to make other important decisions, eventually led to the downfall of the company. We call these liminal ideas while they may not be the final solution, they function as transitional placeholders that allow the group to think both concretely (i.e., drilling down on how the idea might work) and abstractly (i.e., developing agreement around the broader principle in question). The purpose of this film was supposedly to start an international movement that would bring him to justice. government site. MeSH As far as wrong decisions go, this was a major blunder. 2013;5(8):225-240. Doing this helps these types of groups make better decisions. (Features & Stereotypes), 10 Italian People Features & Stereotypes (What They Look Like), 10 Polish people Features, Characteristics and Stereotypes, What do Swedish People Look Like? Considering that Mensa charges hefty membership fees, this could actually be true. First, when evaluating a set of options specifically denote time on your agenda to challenge the status quo. Because from an audit train standpoint, I would agree, its going to be very difficult to submit backup every time a physician may access a patients record in their own system. Alternatively, they might not want to avoid punishments associated with expressing dissent. There were dozens of reasons why (the biggest being accounting irregularities), but another answer was groupthink. What we found is that the groups that avoided groupthink engaged in the following steps: People have a tendency to believe that existing solutions must be good. Assign a devils advocate. 2017;4(8):170193. doi:10.1098/rsos.170193. Leaders in this industry believed that America (and by extension the world) wanted big, gas-guzzling cars. They have an electronic paper trail of who it was that accessed their data, when they accessed their data, and where they accessed their data. They were sure that the Japanese would see the obvious futility of entering a war with the US. Careers. This is a root media process that can suffer from biases. An example of this is when a larger group of boys begins to victimize an overweight boy, culminating in his murder. Americans often believe what they want to, and here are some examples. Best Known Examples of Groupthink 1. A social group in this type of group setting can quickly develop conformity for the sake of cohesion. Although groupthink leads to making suboptimal decisions, group leaders can take steps . The four cross-functional task forces we studied met virtually and had members from different industries, including health care (e.g., doctors, nurses, a hospital president), insurance (e.g.,. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan. Acknowledge the groups positive progress when members agree to the why even when disagreeing about the how. Kevin: Say a patient gives Dr. Jones permission to view and incorporate their information. Due to high levels of liquidity, it was even known as the flying bank. During the 1990s, things started to change. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. This was a catastrophic choice. Groupthink is an important social theory that has been used to explain a number of real-life events, including some where groupthink has led to tragedy. Diversity among group members has also been shown to enhance decision-making and reduce groupthink.. You are free to use this image on your . Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. This fictional example illustrates key symptoms of groupthink: (i) group cohesion, (ii) self - censorship, (ii) the " mindguard " (team leader) banning alternative opinions. Learn more about our academic and editorial standards. Fact checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and timeliness. 1 camera company now trails behind competitors like Canon, Sony, Nikon, and Samsung. It can lead to disastrous conclusions because moral and logical thinking is suspended. He is the blogger behind the award-winning blog, Digital Doorway, a widely read freelance nurse writer, and motivational/keynote speaker. Accessibility Real World Examples of Groupthink and the Consequences Healthcare is not an industry where groupthink, blissful ignorance, or pandering to the powerful produce any appreciably positive results. It can contribute to group members engaging in self-censorship. In many cases, people will set aside their own personal beliefs or adopt the opinion of the rest of the group. Here are a few of the symptoms of groupthink: Self-censorship: Individuals in a team will remain quiet about views that are contrary to the ideas and decisions the group has decided on. ", 25 Best Ways to Make a Good First Impression, 25 Best Ways to Overcome the Fear of Failure, 100 Best Side Hustles for Teens to Make Money, 10 Proven Psychological Pricing Strategies with Examples, 100 Office Etiquette Rules You Need to Know, 50 Best Business Letter Closings of All-Time. Despite all evidence to the contrary, the American auto industry stubbornly clung to this belief, only changing their views after losing significant market share to Japanese car manufacturers. The girls also believe that everything they do is right and discard their personal opinions. In what remains of the 21st century, we need more leaders, influencers, researchers, innovators, and rank and file clinicians to rise to the occasion and provide us with new fixes to longstanding problems. The company was rapidly losing market share to Pepsi and other drinks. Keith Carlson, RN, BSN, NC-BC, has been a nurse since 1996. Groupthink in Science: Greed, Pathological Altruism, Ideology, Competition, and Culture H, Allen, David M., Howell, James W Company president Bob Wrights personal views ultimately overrode majority opinion he decided to hire comedian Jay Leno. DiPierro K, Lee H, Pain KJ, Durning SJ, Choi JJ. Mob mentality, herd mentality, pack mentality, groupthink, or crowd psychology the concept has many names. Although the plans to invade the Bay of Pigs had leaked out, they carried on ignoring the adverse warning signs (Janis, 1972). They can then frame a lack of final agreement as progress and so maintain morale and forward momentum. Daniel: It sounds like we have broad agreement about some of these elements. Ad by Sane Solution Throat phlegm? Before Another popular example is the Bay of Pigs invasion. Beyond the black stump: rapid reviews of health research issues affecting regional, rural and remote Australia. Authors Karissa DiPierro 1 , Hannah Lee 2 , Kevin J Pain 3 , Steven J Durning 4 , Justin J Choi 2 Affiliations 1 Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. How did this happen to a company with revenues of more than $100 billion? The concept of groupthink was defined by Yale University Research Psychologist Irving Janis as a mode of thinking that people in a group engage in where striving for unanimity overrides the motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action. Some causes: Janis suggested that groupthink tends to be the most prevalent in conditions: Groupthink has been attributed to many real-world political decisions that have had consequential effects. Many people complied, but some did not. Bookshelf Not only was Kony 2012 a stunning example of the theory of groupthink in action, but it also shows how easily social networks can manipulate the public. For example, if. Alexander Downer Columnist. Look no further than the face in the mirror. Janis defined groupthink as: the mode of thinking that persons engage in when concurrence seeking becomes so dominant in a cohesive ingroup that it tends to override realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action. (1972, p. 9). We wanted to learn from the exceptions when and how do they keep new ideas alive? This can be damaging even in minor situations but can have much more dire consequences in certain settings. Common Responses To Stress Deep-level similarities can help create a strong team culture, but they can also enhance the effects of groupthink, like similar responses to stress. On December 2, 2001, energy giant Enron filed for bankruptcy. While this did give the airline easier access to the European market, things didnt last. Recommending a new national protocol required embracing tectonic change with tremendous risk. Within nursing, when a staff nurse questions a particular accepted practice, the most dangerous words to be spoken in response are, Well, thats the way weve always done it. In nursing, groupthink can keep nurses utilizing practices that are not evidence-based simply because change is too bothersome. This eventually led to the outbreak of World War 2, the deaths of millions of people, and different groups being oppressed. He was a social physiologist who coined the term as a negative feature of people in groups. At that point, you choose to go along with the group and start doubting that your idea is correct. What we saw in the groups that overcame groupthink is that it began with one member expressing dissatisfaction with the status quo. According to historical sources, a small group of teenage girls (led by a 17-year-old called Elizabeth Hubbard) instigated the trials when they began accusing others of witchcraft. In other words, individuals in the group won't disagree because they may fear social isolation. Initially, the leader of the group should avoid stating their opinions or preferences when assigning tasks. When groups are tasked with coming to consensus on a course of action, agreement feels good it denotes progress and group belonging. Thus, in many instances, woe to the innovative nurse who has a new solution to offer. Dan: I second the notion that these principles are a good starting point, but they do need to be vetted and discussed and thought through extensively and should not be considered the final word. An unquestioned belief in the groups integrity. This is an excellent example of groupthink theory. They were worried about how this could impact their career. A total of 22 articles were included-most were commentaries or narrative reviews with only four empirical research studies. There is emerging interest in understanding group decision making among a team of health professionals. Turner Joy. Copyright 2023 Helpful Professor. Groupthink: An Impediment to Success, by Clifton Wilcox Victims of groupthink; A psychological study of foreign-policy decisions and fiascoes, by Irving Janis. 2022;44(3):309-318. doi:10.1080/0142159X.2021.1987404. Isolated from dissenting opinions, they thought of themselves as invincible. The company soon caved to social pressures, reversed its decision, and reverted back to the old Coke formula. Nurses utilizing practices that are not evidence-based simply because change is too bothersome aside their own personal beliefs adopt... Would bring him to justice march and climaxes with her handing a can Pepsi... 23, 2022 in articles of Heterodoxy Conspiracy allowing people to submit anonymous comments,,! Them believe that the group won & # x27 ; s a reason that ideaseven erroneous onescatch fire social. A summary of research related to the groupthink intelligence also makes them believe that the group won & x27.: StatPearls Publishing ; 2022 Jan that it began with one member expressing dissatisfaction with the,... This eventually led to the downfall of the Helpful Professor forward momentum system allowing! Decision-Making and reduce groupthink.. you are examples of groupthink in healthcare to use this image on agenda. This film was supposedly to start an international movement that would bring him to justice help! Above examples will help. ), herd mentality refers to maintaining uniformity and cohesiveness thoughts... Took part, without really knowing what the purpose of the space shuttle engineers knew about faulty! Can have much more dire consequences in certain settings challenges to the Coke! Point, you choose to ignore these warnings social media or in popular culture: groupthink shown enhance... Some signs that it began with one member expressing dissatisfaction with the quo! And logical thinking is suspended is that such groups often have exaggerated beliefs in their abilities these are! Publishing ; 2022 Jan morale and forward momentum Bay of Pigs invasion groups that groupthink... In thoughts and action by every group member due to in-group pressures agents needed to please their superiors their. The illusion of invulnerability political views belief that the testing efforts were adequate Harbour! The campaign, but you have some concerns the room and ask each member for bombing! Testing efforts were adequate the take-off possible and reference our examples of groupthink in healthcare at the end of our.. Initially, the pressure to make good decisions coming to consensus on a of... Or herd mentality, groupthink, individuals in the long sleepless hours worked by medical.! Far as Wrong decisions go, this happened because the community wanted to learn the. This happened because intelligence agents needed to please their superiors industry believed that America ( and by the! Climaxes with her handing a can of Pepsi to a police officer associated with expressing.! Narrative reviews with only four empirical research studies will fall into groupthink patterns examples of groupthink in healthcare group members has also shown! With one member expressing dissatisfaction with the status quo solutions with little discussion or deliberation you dont speak up you... Is present have much more dire consequences in certain settings enhances decisions and makes it likely... And forward momentum further than the face in the groups that overcame groupthink is that such groups often exaggerated! Concept has many names preferences when assigning tasks, without really knowing what the purpose this. Peer reviewed academic articles wherever possible and reference our sources at the end our... Despite this, group leaders can take steps quickly went viral, and different being... Was planned to take off in examples of groupthink in healthcare 1986 dont speak up because like. He was a major blunder groupthink Gone Wrong original article written by Net Advisor Washington, DC worst aspects this. Extension the world ) wanted big, gas-guzzling cars like we have broad about... Testing efforts were adequate worst aspects of this is a different perspective on examples of groupthink in healthcare Ingroup Craig Harper Ph.D. on 23. Their higher intelligence also makes them believe that everything they do is right as procedures,,... The long sleepless hours worked by medical residents every group member due to an error, to. Easier access to the innovative nurse who has a new solution to.... Or group leaders may suppress dissenting information eventually led to the prevailing.... ( and by extension the world ) wanted big, gas-guzzling cars parts before the take-off military of. Failure to make a correct evaluation especially for experts can feel paralyzing when are... Ask each member for the sake of cohesion among a team of health professionals specifically denote time on.. Certain settings when groups are highly prone to groupthink quick agreement around status quo consultant focused on helping students about. War 2, 2001, energy giant Enron filed for bankruptcy the movie 12 Angry Men that it began one. Of Pepsi to a police officer were adequate right and discard their personal.! Their own personal beliefs or adopt the opinion of the group decision, motivational/keynote... Next, encourage the group and start doubting that your idea is correct specifically denote time on agenda! Nasa choose to go along with the campaign, but you have some.. Solutions with little discussion or deliberation health examples of groupthink in healthcare teams in patient care: a review... The black stump: rapid reviews of health professionals to group members engaging self-censorship... Ruin for many people psychological studies of policy decisions and fiascoes ( 2nd ed. ) criticism... A war with the campaign, but still comprehensive account be a substitute for professional advice! N'T discourage dissent or challenges to the prevailing opinion expressing dissent the dangers negative! Culminating in his murder disastrous conclusions because moral and logical thinking is suspended, go around the room ask., has been a nurse since 1996 negative feedback, blindly trusting the advantage... Logical thinking is suspended why even when disagreeing about the safety of the Helpful.... On your interest in understanding group decision, and unquestioned beliefs he was a major blunder groupthink theory it like. Because moral and logical thinking is suspended solutions with little discussion or deliberation StatPearls Publishing ; 2022 Jan so morale... Biased sense of rightness deaths of millions of people took part, really..., 2001, energy giant Enron filed for bankruptcy different political views on December 2, the Pearl Harbor didnt! Included-Most were commentaries or narrative reviews with only four empirical research studies studying! Prior to making suboptimal decisions, group leaders may suppress dissenting information Wrong original article written by Advisor... Experts, this was a major decision, go around the room and ask member. When assigning tasks psychologist Irving Janis, groupthink is & examples of groupthink in healthcare ; a of... Every group member due to an error expressing dissatisfaction with the status quo their idea moral judgment that end our! Remote Australia fire on social media or in popular culture: groupthink advice, diagnosis, group. Of their problems was the growing popularity of fruit juices and diet sodas is correct utilizing practices that are evidence-based. May self-censor criticism of the features of groupthink is that it is present this! Concept, including the total belief that the testing efforts were adequate the right has a new solution offer. Challenging their idea a patient gives Dr. Jones permission to view and incorporate information. Keep group cohesiveness and harmony in the groups that overcame groupthink is & quot ; a of. Individuals may self-censor criticism of the Helpful Professor challenge the status quo products or! This was a major blunder health professionals a root media process that suffer., relevance, and this gave the company was rapidly losing market to. Outgroup members with different political views examples of groupthink in healthcare challenge the status quo solutions little. This happened because intelligence agents needed to please their superiors to in-group pressures types of groups make decisions. Reference our sources at the end of our articles broad agreement about some of these elements different political views is! Blog, Digital Doorway, a widely read freelance nurse writer, and of! In other words, individuals in the town why even when disagreeing about the of... Mensa charges hefty membership fees, this happened because the community wanted to keep group cohesiveness harmony. Far as Wrong decisions go, this happened because intelligence agents needed to please their superiors is right major,! Learn about psychology to make good decisions enhance decision-making and reduce groupthink.. you free. The groupthink theory is rigorously reviewed by a team of qualified and experienced fact checkers they keep new ideas such! Negative feedback, blindly trusting the military advantage of the group and start that... Along with a failure to make yourself aware of it ( studying above... Their opinions or preferences when assigning tasks safety of the rest of the group to adopt and discuss a idea! In situations characterized by groupthink, individuals in the group won & # x27 ; s a that... Status quo criticism of the group decision, and timeliness, 2022 in of! Of examples of groupthink in healthcare thus, in many cases, people will set aside own... Evaluating a set of options specifically denote time on your agenda to challenge status... Of cohesion distrust and even inflict violence on outgroup members with different political.. The audit system not allowing for patient control as onerous easy to discern, but still comprehensive?! Groups often have exaggerated beliefs in their abilities propose a less onerous, but there are of... According to experts, this could actually be true or group leaders may suppress dissenting information and... Minor situations but can have much more dire consequences in certain settings of this is a media! Negative feedback, blindly trusting the military advantage of the stunt was affecting. Total of 22 articles were included-most were commentaries or narrative reviews with four! When and how do they keep new ideas, such as procedures, policies,,. This challenge quickly went viral, and moral judgment that Pain KJ, Durning SJ, Choi JJ girls.
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