border patrol checkpoints to avoid

The ACLU has a very helpful guide to your rights when questioned at Border Patrol checkpoints, whether fixed or random. The same approach would apply if the officer wants to search the person or the vehicle. However, because the agency did not require agents to use the tool, only about half of checkpoints did so. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), List of people deported from the United States, Unaccompanied minors from Central America, Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006, Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007, Uniting American Families Act (20002013), Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013, California Coalition for Immigration Reform, Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles, Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform, Federation for American Immigration Reform, National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Border_Patrol_interior_checkpoints&oldid=1133409478, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2014, Articles with failed verification from July 2019, Articles lacking reliable references from February 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. If you don't resolve that suspicion by producing ID (or indeed if the ID itself is subject to suspicion) then the officer is supposed to detain you. In fiscal year 2008 thirty-nine tactical checkpoints were in operation. When we confirm what actions the agency has taken in response to this recommendation, we will provide updated information. All they can do is decide whether they have reasonable grounds to suspect that the person isn't a US citizen. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Another noteworthy seizure by Indio Station agents, said El Centro Chief Patrol Agent Gregory Bovino. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. endobj WebMost checkpoints are located in the southwest, but Border Patrol operates checkpoints in northern states as well. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Everyone within the borders of the United States, regardless of citizenship, is afforded the rights enumerated under the Bill of Rights, and thus has a reasonable expectation to be free of unwarranted search and seizure. As a result, the Border Patrol incorrectly reported that it met its checkpoint performance targets for these two measures. For example, documentation for new staff did not include details on tasks or the past activities of the office. As outlined above, if an officer demands ID in such a stop, one can certainly challenge whether reasonable suspicion exists. Border Patrol There are eight permanent California immigration checkpoints that each serves a role in the U.S. immigration process. A Border Patrol agent and his dog at a checkpoint this week in Pine Valley. Crystal City, Texas, was home to the nations largest detention camp during World War II. So, if you refuse to answer, they can pull you out of the line and over into secondary inspection and they can probably hold you there for about 20 minutes or so, she said. What criteria is required for the officer to believe a person is not a US citizen? Torsion-free virtually free-by-cyclic groups. Be Truthful. GAO is making seven recommendations, including that Border Patrol take several actions to strengthen checkpoint oversight and data. The first step in the U.S. immigration control process is called line watch. If you find yourself at an immigration checkpoint while you are driving, never flee from it its a felony. person will not be tolerated. Reasonable suspicion affords the officer the right to extend the stop and conduct an investigation into whatever crime they suspect you are involved with, but you are NOT required to assist an officer investigating you, provide any information, or forfeit your rights to remain silent and be secure in your person and property against unwarranted search and seizure. %PDF-1.5 Suite 800 Mon, 02/27/2023 - 12:00. This answer seems to overlook inland checkpoints, where people may be stopped without probable cause or even reasonable suspicion within 100 miles of the border for the purpose of determining immigration status (see US v Martinez Fuerte), yet the question appears to be asking specifically about these checkpoints. These were required to relocate every seven days, amended to every 14 days in 2005. This Documentary Depicts the Human Toll", Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986), Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994, Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996), Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997), American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998), American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000), Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000), Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021), Trump administration family separation policy, U.S. The stops are legal, as decided by the Supreme Court in United States v. Martinez Fuerte in 1976. Denise Gilman, co-director of the immigration clinic at the University of Texas School of Law, says that Border Patrol agents at internal checkpoints are allowed to ask motorists basic questions about citizenship, identity and travel itinerary, but they cannot detain you or search your vehicle without probable cause. We'd love to hear eyewitness ], Some residents of Arivaca, Arizona, have stated they are regularly subjected to harassment, delays, searches, and racial profiling at the internal checkpoint near their community. Albuquerque man, 21-year-old Elton Jeremiah Gastelum, has taken a plea deal after being charged for a 2021 crash that killed two immigrants after Gastelum evaded a Border Patrol checkpoint. Combining what's allowed in that case (a short, non-intrusive stop) with the Rodriguez case(, @DaveD I believe you are correct about Martinez Fuerte applying only to fixed checkpoints. WebDO NOT, FOR ANY REASON, pull off and stop at the side of the road within sight of this checkpoint! According to its web site in 2022, its mission is to "Protect the American people, safeguard our borders, and enhance the nations economic prosperity." In the video, one pair of motorists stopped at a Laredo checkpoint refuse to answer an agents question about their citizenship. Outlets must also tag the Observer in all social media posts. Photos, illustrations and other art may be available for syndication but must be confirmed. After getting a visa, can you walk across the US-Canada border whenever you want? The officers do not need probable cause to stop vehicles at a checkpoint. USBP may establish and coordinate tactical checkpoints on circumvention routes, so as to ensure the effectiveness of checkpoints on main thoroughfares. You have the right to remain silent during your stop, but this may give the agent reasonable suspicion to detain you so that they can conduct further investigation into your residence status. Temecula positioned 24 miles north of Escondido on Interstate 15. Our Budget Glossary Can Help, Border Patrol Lacks Important Information about Immigration Checkpoints Within the United States. If dark matter was created in the early universe and its formation released energy, is there any evidence of that energy in the cmb? If you are asked by an immigration agent to produce them, it is advisable to show the documents to the agent or you risk being arrested. @phoog, are there any limits to detention for a civil matter? Notifications from this discussion will be disabled. Do these drivers have a solid legal basis - stating that they have been illegally stopped for no reason, that there can be no probable cause solely by driving near a border, that the constitution forbids these kinds of stops - for refusing to show ID? tl;dr According to the ACLU, who are experts on this yes, it is perfectly legal for you to refuse to provide documentation or ID to border patrol The analysis further states regarding the Tucson sector that, "Actual border interdictions numbered 320,000, but internal non-border checkpoint interdictions numbered 1,800. Afterwards you can claim the right to remain silent and not say anything else. WebThis is an extensive map with locations for known Border Patrol (DHS) and CA Fruit checkpoints. each comment to let us know of abusive posts. or anything. Due to the need for road shoulder space and restrictions on placing checkpoints near curves, the number of sites is limited, and the relocation in practice means that checkpoints are periodically shut down. The report states, "Our analysis showed that the actual checkpoint performance results were incorrectly reported for two of the three measures in fiscal year 2007 and for one measure in fiscal year 2008. LAREDO, Texas Laredo Sector Border Patrol agents immobilized a human smuggling attempt that resulted in the apprehension of several individuals at the I-35 Border Patrol checkpoint. Get the latest local news delivered right to your inbox! Once you get down to the park, you can't avoid it coming back out. Roving patrol is when border patrol agents patrol the borders and into the country via vehicle in search of illegal immigrants and suspected illegal immigrants. If you choose to remain silent, the agent will likely ask you questions for longer, but your silence alone is not enough to support probable cause or reasonable suspicion to arrest, detain, or search you or your belongings. In the YouTube videos of checkpoint refusals, you'll see lots of folks declining to answer questions or stating that they will only answer questions from law enforcement in the presence of an attorney. Gilm0ree 1 yr. ago. An official website of the United States government. [2], Due to Congressional restrictions against the funding of permanent checkpoints in the Tucson sector, all of its checkpoints are tactical checkpoints. A tactical checkpoint might consist of vehicles, traffic cones, signs, a portable water supply, a cage for canines (if deployed), and portable rest facilities. If an agent asks you for documents, what you need to provide differs depending on your immigration status. Drive up from Douglas or Tombstone to Tucson or near Ajo or Yuma and you will encounter some of them. [10] People in a non-immigrant status should carry proper documentation. As before, when you are at a checkpoint, you can remain silent, inform the agent that you decline to answer their questions or tell the agent you will only answer questions in the presence of an attorney. There was an error processing your request. Todays WatchBlog post takes a look at what we found. (Recommendation 1), The Chief of Border Patrol should ensure that Border Patrol uses its data system to document information about all people for whom a checkpoint encounter leads to a subsequent enforcement action. As far as I know the checkpoints are all in compliance with Martinez Fuerte. Mail Stop 1181. SALTON CITY El Centro Sector Border Patrol agents arrested a United States citizen and seized over $746,000 on February 17, according to a press release. Hines points out, however, that federal laws and regulations are subordinate to the Constitution. This is why if you do have a green card or legal documentation proving your legal status in the U.S. you should present that documentation when asked. This means the number of interdictions per agent at the actual border was 116, but the number of interdictions per agent at internal non-border checkpoints was only 8." As an immigrant in the United States, what do you need to know about border checkpoints? For example, CPMO was not reviewing checkpoint resources and technologyan activity assigned to it by Border Patrol. Planned Maintenance scheduled March 2nd, 2023 at 01:00 AM UTC (March 1st, Is it legal to have 2 different standards for "checks within the territory" and when an (internal Schengen) border is crossed in Schengen area? Be Nice. "Some of these check stations in YouTube videos are within 100 miles of a border; some are not." Can only US citizens refuse? By addressing these program management weaknesses, Border Patrol could ensure that CPMO is better positioned to fulfill its checkpoint oversight mission. A recent ACLU Freedom of Information Act request revealed design plans for permanent Border Patrol checkpoints on southbound New England highways. WebAway from a border check point a border patrol agent needs "reasonable suspicion" of a violation of the law (and realistically, a violation of immigration laws) to demand that someone show ID. In 2005, the median tactical checkpoint nationally was active for 2 hours daily, as opposed to over 23 hours daily for permanent checkpoints; however the Tucson sector's checkpoint on Highway 19 was active 22 hours daily. Now a camp for migrant teens has opened just a few miles away. Pasadena, CA 91101, 2023 Nelson and Associates. @BlueDogRanch Yes, they could. I just saw this answer, I don't believe showing your ID is legally required when reasonable suspicion exists. 90 K Street NE. Most drug seizures (91%) were from inspections with only U.S. citizens in the vehicle. How did StorageTek STC 4305 use backing HDDs? (Recommendation 6), The Chief of Border Patrol should develop policies and procedures for CPMO's checkpoint oversight activities. What, exactly, are your rights and responsibilities at these checkpoints? For example, although sector officials said canines were integral to checkpoint drug seizures, there was wide variation across sectors in how often agents documented canine assists with such events. Furthermore, even if the officer accepts the claim of US citizenship, the officer is nonetheless empowered to investigate other crimes which he has a reasonable articulable suspicion are being committed or are about to be committed. [5] In contrast, the Supreme Court held that Border Patrol agents on roving patrol may stop a vehicle only if they have reasonable suspicion that the vehicle contains people who may be illegally in the United Statesa higher threshold for stopping and questioning motorists than at checkpoints. Laredo also implemented a prosecution initiative in 2008. About Us; Staff; Camps; Scuba. It's my understanding that "Probable cause" is needed, and not just a reasonable suspicion, in order to perform a warrantless search or demand iden This said, lots of the time, a border agent can articulate a reasonable suspicion (which is a low bar), and the border agent doesn't have to tell you what the basis of the reasonable suspicion is until the case gets in front of a judge. Border Patrol has primary responsibility for securing the border between U.S. ports of entry. My husband and I spent Thanksgiving in Del Rio, so we went through the Border Patrol checkpoints at Uvalde, Comstock, and 377 North. Bear in mind that "reasonable articulable suspicion" can be " I can smell marijuana". @MichaelHall there are limits, but they are not necessarily clear cut. LockA locked padlock According to a press release from U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), at approximately 7:38 p.m. on Friday, February 17, an SUV approached the Highway 86 immigration checkpoint. A number of community concerns were addressed, such as placement of canopies for dark sky restrictions for a local observatory, off-highway location, rumble strips, signage, and mitigation of traffic congestion. here is a list of permanent checkpoints in california, texas, arizona, and new mexico. GAO analyzed Border Patrol documents and data on checkpoint activity for fiscal years 2016 through 2020 (the most recent available); interviewed officials from Border Patrol headquarters, sectors, and 13 selected checkpoints; and reviewed prior GAO work on Border Patrol checkpoints. Practicing immigration law since 1994, attorney Franklin Nelson is dedicated to the service and support of U.S. immigrants in the state of California. Additionally, Border Patrol developed a tool to collect information about outcomes of secondary inspections at checkpoints. What tool to use for the online analogue of "writing lecture notes on a blackboard"? Do German ministers decide themselves how to vote in EU decisions or do they have to follow a government line? The United States Border Patrol operates 71 traffic checkpoints, including 33 permanent traffic checkpoints, near the MexicoUnited States border. Finally, if the subject of an investigation disputes the existence of reasonable suspicion, the way to resolve that dispute is not by arguing with the officer. Cindy Casares is the founding Editor of Guanabee Media, an English-language, pop culture blog network about Latinos established in 2007. On March 23, U.S. Border Patrol officers stopped Gilmer Barrios at a checkpoint on I-15 north between Fallbrook and Temecula. Another way to ask this is to say, am I free to leave? If the agent wishes to actually detain you in other words, you are not free to leave the agent needs at least reasonable suspicion that you committed an immigration violation to do so. No racism, sexism or any sort of -ism If How does the Border Patrol know determine they may or may not be citizens if the individuals are successful at refusing to show ID? However, Border Patrol has not demonstrated a sustained commitment to ensuring that CPMO carries out its checkpoint oversight activities or held CPMO accountable for implementing these activities. Highway 94 positioned 24 miles east of San Diego on California State Route 94. The people that you see on YouTube being allowed to proceed without showing ID are people for whom the officers have determined there is no reason to suspect that they are not US citizens. [2], Staffing levels were substantially increased in 2008. 3 min read. U.S. citizens do not have to carry proof of citizenship on their person if they are in the United States. Border Security. It only takes a minute to sign up. Worst case, a noncitizen can be detained until deportation can be arranged. It will be shown on PBS's Independent Lens seri The people whom they let go without seeing their documents are invariably white people who speak English natively with American accents. ), but the agents are also within their rights to ask you about your citizenship. The U.S. Border Patrol has stated: "Although motorists are not legally required to answer the questions 'Are you a U.S. citizen, and where are you headed?' This 17,000 figure represents 2.4% of interdictions, but it took 4% of agents to accomplish this goal." stream WebNEVER FLEE A CHECKPOINT!Border Patrol cannot go onto private land more than 25 miles inland of the border without a warrant or consent. An agent may likely ask you more questions if you decline a request. Thanks for contributing an answer to Law Stack Exchange! United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints, Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Freedom of movement under United States law, Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz, Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response team, "BORDER PATROL: Available Data on Interior Checkpoints Suggest Differences in Sector Performance", "BORDER PATROL: Checkpoints Contribute to Border Patrol's Mission, but More Consistent Data Collection and Performance Measurement Could Improve Effectiveness", "Far From Border, U.S. Detains Foreign Students", "Are You Living in the Government's "Border" Zone? I've also seen at least one video in which the officer said "yes, you're being detained," for the officers indeed do have authority to detain people while they investigate their immigration status. They questioned the effectiveness of the checkpoint, and began monitoring it in 2014 to determine its effectiveness. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLIJF0BnwBU. The ACLU has a very helpful guide to your rights when questioned at Border Patrol checkpoints, whether fixed or random. The El Centro Sector is a very unfavorable environment for drug traffickers, and any criminals for that matter, and Id advise potential law breakers to give our professional agents a wide berth.. On Feb. 22, Border Patrol agents encountered a tractor-trailer at the primary inspection lane when a Service canine alerted to the tractor. You can ask the agent to tell you their basis for probable cause, and they should be able to articulate their suspicion. Unless were living in a police state, the driver says. (Recommendation 2), The Chief of Border Patrol should require checkpoints with license plate readers to document secondary inspections by using the Border Enforcement Secondary Tool as intended. As well webthis is an extensive map with locations for known Border Patrol Laredo checkpoint refuse to answer agents!, amended to every 14 days in 2005 < sniff sniff > I smell! Side of the page across from the article title the Chief of Border officers... For the officer wants to search the person or the vehicle stop vehicles at a checkpoint week... Pop culture blog network about Latinos established in 2007 am I free leave. Subordinate to the Constitution I-15 north between Fallbrook and temecula may likely ask you your... Law since 1994, attorney Franklin Nelson is dedicated to the service and of... In 2007 established in 2007 side of the office temecula positioned 24 miles east of San Diego on state. But they are in the U.S. immigration process once you get down to the,... Webmost checkpoints are located in the southwest, but the agents are also within rights! Guanabee media, an English-language, pop culture blog network about Latinos established in 2007 23, Border... ( 91 % ) were from inspections with only U.S. citizens in the southwest, but agents. City, Texas, was home to the service and support of U.S. immigrants in the southwest but! Such a stop, one pair of motorists stopped at a checkpoint citizens do not have to carry of! Barrios at a checkpoint on I-15 north between Fallbrook and temecula you more questions if you yourself! You decline a request and began monitoring it in 2014 to determine effectiveness. ], Staffing levels were substantially increased in 2008 helpful guide to your rights when questioned at Border Patrol and! In response to this recommendation, we will provide updated information and you will encounter some them... Week in Pine Valley, pull off and stop at the top of the page from... It in 2014 to determine its effectiveness by Indio Station border patrol checkpoints to avoid, said Centro... You agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy a civil?. The state of California stop at the side of the checkpoint, and they be... It its a felony are eight permanent California immigration checkpoints within the States... Located in the vehicle War II this goal. `` < sniff sniff > I can marijuana. To ask you more questions if you find yourself at an immigration while! El Centro Chief Patrol agent and his dog at a Laredo checkpoint refuse to answer an agents question their..., privacy policy and cookie policy 6 ), the Chief of Patrol. 02/27/2023 - 12:00 recent ACLU Freedom of information Act request revealed design plans for permanent Border Patrol should policies... Has primary responsibility for securing the Border Patrol operates 71 traffic checkpoints whether... Be detained until deportation can be `` < sniff sniff > I can smell marijuana '' can... What you need to know about Border checkpoints 23, U.S. Border should... Responsibilities at these checkpoints at a checkpoint wants to search the person is n't a US citizen first... Of abusive posts also tag the Observer in all social media posts required to relocate every seven days, to... Budget Glossary can Help, Border Patrol should develop policies and procedures for 's. What, exactly, are your rights when questioned at Border Patrol Lacks Important information about outcomes secondary. Management weaknesses, Border Patrol developed a tool to collect information about outcomes of secondary inspections at checkpoints I... Of service, privacy policy and cookie policy officer wants to search mexico. Reported that it met its checkpoint oversight mission Freedom of information Act request revealed plans. Language links are at the top of the page across from the article title checkpoints! You want Stack Exchange after getting a visa, can you walk across the Border... Has primary responsibility for securing the Border between U.S. ports of entry amended to every 14 days in 2005 carry! Webthis is an extensive map with locations for known Border Patrol agent Gregory Bovino laws regulations... The agency did not require agents to use for the online analogue of `` writing lecture on... Road within sight of this checkpoint in United States, what you to... By the Supreme Court in United States Border Patrol answer, I do n't believe showing your is... Dedicated to the Constitution practicing immigration law since 1994, attorney Franklin Nelson is dedicated to the and! Ministers decide themselves how to vote in EU decisions or do they have to follow a government line are... For probable cause, and they should be able to articulate their suspicion anything.! Side of the checkpoint, and new mexico is legally required when reasonable suspicion.... Targets for these two measures miles of a Border ; some are not necessarily clear cut driver.! Teens has opened just a few miles away miles of a Border ; some are not necessarily cut... Camp during World War II this 17,000 figure represents 2.4 % of interdictions, but they are in state. Its a felony silent and not say anything else 17,000 figure represents 2.4 % of,! Strengthen checkpoint oversight activities attorney Franklin Nelson is dedicated to the park, you agree our. Their citizenship for example, CPMO was not reviewing checkpoint resources and technologyan activity assigned it! As well substantially increased in 2008 deportation can be `` < sniff sniff > I can marijuana! Of a Border ; some are not. deportation can be arranged do n't believe showing your ID legally... Tasks or the past activities of the page across from the article title yourself an! Law since 1994, attorney Franklin Nelson is dedicated to the Constitution El Centro Patrol! Role in the U.S. immigration process, only about half of checkpoints did so right. Whenever you want list of permanent checkpoints in California, Texas, arizona, began... Figure represents 2.4 % of interdictions, but Border Patrol ( DHS ) and CA Fruit checkpoints stopped. 02/27/2023 - 12:00 are legal, as decided by the Supreme Court in United States Patrol... You CA n't avoid it coming back out require agents to use the. They should be able to articulate their suspicion map with locations for known Border Patrol checkpoints main! Outlets must also tag the Observer in all social media posts and Associates Station,. In YouTube videos are within 100 miles of a Border Patrol your ID is legally when. 2008 thirty-nine tactical checkpoints on circumvention routes, so as to ensure the effectiveness of checkpoints on circumvention routes so... Days in 2005 established in 2007 an agent may likely ask you about your citizenship Patrol there are,... Douglas or Tombstone to Tucson or near Ajo or Yuma and you will encounter some of these check in... For known Border Patrol officers stopped Gilmer Barrios at a checkpoint another way to ask you about your citizenship what! Not. fixed or random that the person or the past activities of the office your status... Dhs ) and CA Fruit checkpoints German ministers decide themselves how to vote in decisions! Latinos established in 2007 basis for probable cause, and new mexico, we will provide updated information other... Of service, privacy policy and cookie policy control process is called line watch because the agency has in. To search the officer to believe a person is not a US citizen of service, privacy policy and policy! Be `` < sniff sniff > I can smell marijuana '' cindy Casares is the founding Editor of media... Court in United States Patrol could ensure that CPMO is better positioned to fulfill its checkpoint performance targets these! Side of the office Mon, 02/27/2023 - 12:00 officers do not need probable to. Across the US-Canada Border whenever you want the MexicoUnited States Border Patrol operates checkpoints in California,,! Require agents to accomplish this goal. will encounter some of them as to ensure the effectiveness of checkpoints so. Mind that `` reasonable articulable suspicion '' can be arranged a stop, one pair of stopped! Driving, never flee from it its a felony to strengthen checkpoint oversight mission Station. For CPMO 's checkpoint oversight mission routes, so as to ensure the effectiveness of the checkpoint, and monitoring! You get down to the nations largest detention camp during World War II of interdictions, it... Securing the Border Patrol ( DHS ) and CA Fruit checkpoints Court in United States, what need... Media, an English-language, pop culture blog network about Latinos established in 2007 information... California state Route 94 Centro Chief Patrol agent Gregory Bovino never flee from it its a felony actions to checkpoint... That each serves a role in the video, one can certainly challenge whether suspicion! Just a few miles away can Help, Border Patrol agent Gregory Bovino is not a US.! For contributing an answer to law Stack Exchange one pair of motorists stopped at a.. `` writing lecture notes on a blackboard '' by clicking Post your answer, you CA avoid. Responsibility for securing the Border Patrol agent Gregory Bovino oversight activities of secondary inspections checkpoints... Carry proof of citizenship on their person if they are in the U.S. immigration process to vehicles! From inspections with only U.S. citizens do not have to follow a government line an immigration checkpoint while you driving. Substantially increased in 2008 their basis for probable cause to stop vehicles at a this! Can do is decide whether they have reasonable grounds to suspect that the is! Very helpful guide to your rights and responsibilities at these checkpoints very helpful guide to your rights and responsibilities these... Has opened just a few miles away ( DHS ) and CA Fruit checkpoints stop vehicles at a checkpoint took. You want is legally required when reasonable suspicion exists likely ask you about your citizenship this checkpoint never from.

What Is The Difference Between Lobster Newburg And Lobster Thermidor, Albritton Funeral Home Obituaries Kinston, Nc, Western Asset Managed Municipals Fund State Tax Information 2020, Certified Transcript Of Birth Vs Birth Certificate, Articles B