how many jewish people died in the holocaust

Any group which did not match the behaviour of the prescribed norms was targeted and subjected, often to torture and death. Almost half of Americans dont know how many Jews perished in the Holocaust, according to data from a survey conducted for the American Jewish Committee. The Soviet-occupied zone of Poland fell into German hands following the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. The vast majority of the Nazi regime's victims were Jews, Sinti-Roma peoples, and Slavs but victims also encompassed people identified as social outsiders in the Nazi worldview, such as homosexuals, and political enemies. The European Jewish population was reduced from 9,740,000 to 3,642,000; the world's Jewish population was reduced by one-third, from roughly 16.6 million in 1939 to about 11 million in 1946. 2829, Richard J. Evans; The Third Reich at War; Penguin Press New York; 2009; p.3334. Non-Aryan ministers were suspended and church members called themselves German Christians, with "the swastika on their chest and the cross in their heart. The political People's Court was notorious for the number of its death sentences. A study published in 2013 by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, based on a painstaking evaluation of available documents and investigation of 42,000 camps and ghettos, identified that the total number of deaths was almost double the numbers generated shortly after the war. "[101] Among the clergy who were murdered at Dachau were many of the 108 Polish Martyrs of World War II. One of the most well-known, if not iconic, facts known about the Holocaust is the number of Jewish victims killed by Nazi Germany up through the end of World War II. Almost half of the people polled could not name a single concentration camp. About 197 thousand Jews were deported there in 1942, about 270 thousand the following year, and over 600 thousand in 1944, for a total of almost 1.1 million. Paperback, Reissue edition, Bantam, March 1, 1986. [82][83][84] German clergy, nuns and lay leaders were also targeted after the Nazi takeover, leading to thousands of arrests over the following years. "[77] Hitler vehemently despised Christianity, calling it the enemy of National Socialism. The Nazi evolution in German foreign policy. A range of methods were used, with many dying in gas chambers, firing squads or starvation. Captured by the Gestapo in 1943, Sendlerowa was crippled by torture. Despite discriminatory measures, some Romani (including some of Germany's Sinti and Lalleri) were spared deportation and death, with the remaining Romani groups suffering a fate similar to that of the Jews. [89] They shut down the Catholic press, schools, political parties and youth groups in Germany amid murder and mass arrests. After their 1939 invasion of Poland, the Nazis instituted a policy of murdering (or suppressing) the ethnic-Polish elite (including Catholic religious leaders). January 24, 2022. [67] According to the U.S. Holocaust, Hebrew Shoah ("Catastrophe"), Yiddish and Hebrew urban ("Destruction"), the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women, and children and millions of others by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II. Albania Jewish population in 1937: approximately 200Deaths: unknown Austria Jewish population of Austriain 1938: 185,026 Deaths: 65,459 Belgium On May 21, 1942, 4,300 Jews are deported from the Polish town of Chelm to the Nazi extermination camp at Sobibor, where all are gassed to death. When attempting to document numbers of victims of the Holocaust, the single most important thing to keep in mind is that no one master list of those who perished exists anywhere in the world. How many people died during the Holocaust? [63] By 1936, Heinrich Himmler was leading efforts to persecute gay men under existing and new anti-homosexual laws. Though Hitler's racial policies toward Jews, Sinti, and Roma, have been well documented, researchers have given less attention to actions against Black people. The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics, 19271945: crossing boundaries. Disease and exhaustion also ravaged camps, while death marches were also commonplace. It shows that the Nazis made bigger progress into infiltrating North America than was originally thought. Intelligentsia, socially prominent, and influential people were primarily targeted, although ethnic Poles and other Slavic groups were also killed en masse. If you would prefer to watch the story, Luc Bernard has provided a full playthrough, which is embedded above. (7 marks) The Holocaust also known by Jews as "Shoah" was a tragic time in Jewish history whereby 6 million Jews were killed. Historians estimate that around 1,1 million people perished in Auschwitz during the less than 5 years of its existence. "History of the Holocaust: A Handbook and Dictionary." WASHINGTON (JTA) "Five million non-Jews died in the Holocaust." It's a statement that shows up regularly in declarations about the Nazi era. The two most reliable sources for Holocaust data are the U.S. A native of Sighet, Transylvania (Romania, from 1940-1945 Hungary). Germanization of the annexed regions began in December 1939, with deportations of men, women and children. 705. German political prisoners were a substantial proportion of the first inmates at Dachau (the prototypical Nazi concentration camp). Top Image: Museum display with bullets and human ashes from Bikernieki Forest Holocaust site and barbed . Despite this, calculating the exact numbers of individuals who were killed as the result of Nazi policies is an impossible task. Survivors were subject to prosecution under Paragraph 175 (which forbade "lewdness between men"), with time served in the concentration camps deducted from their sentences. About 66% of European Jews were killed during the Holocaust, and the Jewish population for the entire world has still not recovered to pre-war levels. Ihrig, Stefan. [62] Homosexuality was also thought to be contagious by the Nazis. Notice that Poland by far lost the largest number (three million), with the Soviet Union having lost the second most (one million). The estimates of today might rise or fall as new documents are discovered or as historians arrive at a more precise understanding of events. [98] About the brief period of military control from 1 September to 25 October 1939, Davies wrote: "According to one source, 714 mass executions were carried out, and 6,376 people, mainly Catholics, were shot. While scholars are still researching the scale of the Holocaust in Ukraine, they estimate at least one and a half million Jews were killed there. "[99], In Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany, severe persecution began. (January 24, 2023 / JNS) Only 53% of Americans over the age of 18 answered correctly that approximately six million Jews were killed in the Holocaust, according to an American Jewish Committee public opinion survey released ahead of International Holocaust Remembrance Day on Friday. *When a range of figures appears, the higher numbers wereuse to estimated percentages. Aside from how many Jewish victims there were, they were asked when it took place, how Adolf Hitler came to lead Germany and what Auschwitz was. )", 'Chronicles of Terror' testimony database, List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust, Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holocaust_victims&oldid=1140676381, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles lacking reliable references from May 2017, Articles lacking reliable references from October 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Ian Kershaw; Hitler a Biography; 2008 Edn; WW Norton & Company; London p661, Stills from Soviet documentary "The Atrocities committed by German Fascists in the USSR" (, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 05:57. Instead, they ramped up the number of deaths and began destroying existing records and evidence of previous mass murders. [24][25] The extermination of Jews had been a priority to the Nazis, regardless of the consequences.[26]. After Italy's 1943 surrender, many Italian nationals (including partisans and Italian soldiers disarmed by the Germans) were sent to concentration camps. Though this is the best information available, it is based on estimates and cannot take into the unknown number of victims whose bodies were never recovered or for whom there were no records. Most of their three million men, from generals to ordinary soldiers, helped exterminate captured Slav soldiers and civilians. If they're included in those numbers how many of the six million that died in the Holocaust were truly "Jewish". Copyright 2023 The Forward Association, Inc. All rights reserved. He is known as "the poet of the Holocaust.". [19][20][21][22], Taking into account all of the victims of persecution, the Nazis systematically murdered an estimated six million Jews and an additional 11 million people during the war. [68], Another large group of victims was composed of German and foreign civilian activists from across the political spectrum who opposed the Nazi regime, captured resistance fighters (many of whom were executed duringor immediately aftertheir interrogation, particularly in occupied Poland and France) and, sometimes, their families. Of the 6million Jewish people, 3 million were also Polish. [15], The Nazis promoted xenophobia and racism against all "non-Aryan" races. Over one-third of the Soviet Union's Jews were murdered; France lost about 25 percent of its Jewish population, Italy between 15% and 20%. View the list of all donors. [102], Hans Frank said in 1940, "Poles may have only one mastera German. In 1933 there were well over 500,000 Jews in Germany but by October 1941, when Jewish emigration was officially forbidden, the number of Jews in Germany had declined to a number as low as 163,000 . The Germans called this "the final solution to the Jewish question." During Operation Barbarossa (the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union), millions of Red Army prisoners of war were summarily executed in the field by German armies (the Waffen SS in particular), died under inhumane conditions in German prisoner of war camps, on death marches, or had been shipped to concentration camps for execution. Defining Jews as the chief enemy, Nazi racial ideology was also used to persecute other minorities. [34] The six million Jewish, Roman Catholic and Orthodox Poles represented nearly 17 percent of the country's population. In June 1941, after the German invasion of the Soviet Union, the Germans began to imprison the rest of Polish Jewry in ghettos and to deport them to concentration and slave labor camps. Yehuda Bauer, an Israeli Holocaust scholar who chairs the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, said he warned his friend Wiesenthal, who died in 2005, about spreading the false. [106], The Nazis claimed that high-degree Masons were willing members of "the Jewish conspiracy" and Freemasonry was a cause of Germany's defeat in World War I. Reich Security Main Office (Reichssicherheitshauptamt, or RSHA) records indicate the persecution of Freemasons during the Holocaust. Their use must not tarnish the good reputation of the victims of KL Auschwitz. Some captured in the Battle of the Bulge were forced into slave labor at the Berga concentration camp, a subcamp of Buchenwald; over 70 died. Christopher R. Browning papers. Belzec. Images from www.auschwitz.org may be used only in publications relating to the history of the German Nazi concentration and extermination camp Auschwitz-Birkenau or the activities of the Auschwitz Memorial. Holocaust Encyclopedia, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, March 27, 2019, Washington, DC. [54] In Mein Kampf, Hitler described the children of marriages to African occupation troops as a contamination of the white race "by Negro blood on the Rhine in the heart of Europe"[55] who were "bastardising the European continent at its core". When the Nazis occupied a territory, communists, socialists and anarchists were usually among the first to be repressed; this included summary executions. (Bundesarchiv/Wikimedia Commons) Jewish women and children arriving at Auschwitz in 1944. Rosenberg, Jennifer. That's what I pretty much was saying. The two institutions also divided the occupied areas slightly differently. Many were Roma, LGBTQ and other " undesirables". On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The Nazis committed mass murder of Roma women at Auschwitz concentration camp, murdered females with disabilities in the T-4 and other euthanasia operations, and slaughtered women along with men as so-called partisans in many Soviet villages in 1943-1944. What were some similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and in the United States, 1920s-1940s? Disease was widespread, and the daily death rate initially remained high. Perhaps not surprisingly, it is also this number - six million - that Holocaust deniers aim at when trying to discredit the essential nature of the Holocaust. Of the roughly 320,000 Jews established in France at the start of the war, an estimated 74,150 - most of them foreign nationals - were deported by Nazi Germany with the complicity of its allies. Many lacked knowledge of other critical facts of the Shoah, a finding thats consistent with other recent surveys, Almost half of Americans dont know how many Jews perished in the Holocaust, according to data from, In 2020, a similar poll of American millennials and Generation Z by the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, That same year, a Pew Research Center poll. In many countries around the world denying the Holocaust is a criminal offense that can lead to lengthy imprisonment. The Catholic Church was persecuted under the Third Reich,[76] with the Nazi leadership hoping to gradually de-Christianize Germany. Springer, 2008. . Jennifer Rosenberg is a historian and writer who specializes in 20th-century history. Key Facts 1 1st Edition, Kindle Edition, Routledge, October 9, 2018. The first tribunal tried 22 political and military leaders of the Third Reich, except forAdolf Hitler,Heinrich Himmler andJoseph Goebbels, all of whom had committed suicide several months before. "Encyclopedia of the Holocaust." Estimates of the Romani death toll in World War II range from 220,000 to 1,500,000. [90][91][92] In March 1937, Pope Pius XI issued his Mit brennender Sorge encyclical accusing the Nazi government of violating the 1933 concordat and sowing the "tares of suspicion, discord, hatred, calumny, of secret and open fundamental hostility to Christ and His Church".[85]. The game is still in early access, and an educational mode will be available at full launch for use in classrooms. Countless Jewish businesses and homes were vandalized and destroyed, and 30,000 Jews were sent to Dachau, Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen, and other concentration camps. Holocaust Memorial Museum's website, "Nazi Germany did not seek to kill all homosexuals. The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah - which means "destruction" in Hebrew - is a genocide that was carried out largely during World War II, as Jews were targeted among other groups. According to British historian Ian Kershaw, the Nazis' genocide and brutality was their way of ensuring Lebensraum ("living space") for those who met Hitler's narrow racial requirements; this necessitated the elimination of Bolsheviks and Slavs: The Nazi revolution was broader than just the Holocaust. TTY: 202.488.0406, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution, The Nazi Persecution of Black People in Germany, The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936: African American Voices and "Jim Crow" America. Rosenberg, Jennifer. "That wasn't the Shoah, there was no choice.". A02 Question: Explain how the experience of the Holocaust might affect the faith of a Jew. an assimilated Jew who was a member of a communist party or someone of Jewish ancestry who identified as a Jehovah's Witness. [58][unreliable source? In occupied Poland, Nazi Germany imposed the death penalty on those found sheltering (or aiding) Jews. There were an additional 5 million other people also killed. [87] According to Ian Kershaw, about 400 German priests were sent to the camp. But they will eventually be sent to an internment camp, which was often used as a buffer for transport to the infamous Auschwitz, where more than 1 million people were killed. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. [28] Although reports of the Holocaust had reached Western leaders, public awareness in the United States and other democracies of the mass murder of Jews in Poland was low at the time; the first references in The New York Times, in 1942, were unconfirmed reports rather than front-page news. "[80][81] Political Catholicism was a target of Hitler's 1934 Night of the Long Knives. Hans-Walter Schmuhl. Violence towards these groups grew as further rules were enforced upon them, before the Night of the Broken Glass - Kristallnacht - saw attacks take place over an evening in November 1938. [27] As the Nazi war machine faltered during the war's final years, military resources such as fuel, transport, munitions, soldiers and industrial resources were still diverted from the fronts to the death camps. The Holocaust Camps. The Nazi genocide of the Romani people was ignored by scholars until the 1980s, and opinions continue to differ on its details. The finding is based on an . Student One Volume Edition, Paperback, 1st Ed. These laws were aimed at excluding Jews and other minority groups from society, including segregation. In addition, as the Allies began to close in on Germany, the Nazis began to destroy their records. Some were assimilated and some were Orthodox. Jews Killed During the Holocaust by Country. A range of methods were used, with many. Around 3,500 were murdered in the camp. As we mark International Holocaust Remembrance Day, 78 years after the liberation of Auschwitz, it is imperative that Americans continue to learn about the most documented, planned genocide in modern history the Nazi extermination of one-third of the Jewish people.. Viennese Gauleiter Odilo Globocnik confiscated property, closed Catholic organizations and sent many priests to Dachau. According to extensive documentation (written and photographic) left by the Nazis, eyewitness testimony by survivors, perpetrators and bystanders and records of the occupied countries, most perished in death camps such as Auschwitz-Birkenau. . . But theres debate over whether such efforts are effective. Reviewed works: Vom Generalplan Ost zum Generalsiedlungsplan by Czeslaw Madajczyk. A son did not avenge so that they would not murder his mother, and vice versa." The effect of Ungar's words was. [66] Gay men in Nazi concentration camps were identified by a pink triangle on their shirts, along with men convicted of sexually assaulting children and bestiality. Developer Luc Bernard is attempting to change that with The Light in the Darkness, a free game focused on a Jewish family that, like so many others, were persecuted by the Nazis for no other reason than their ethnicity. While the term Holocaust generally refers to the systematic mass-murder of the Jewish people in German-occupied Europe, the Nazis also murdered a large number of non-Jewish people who were also considered subhuman (Untermenschen) or undesirable. 9,000,000 persons according to the documentary film Nuit et Brouillard (Tr.'s Note: "Night and Fog", title used in the English-speaking world) (1955), whose historical advisers were the historian Henri Michel and the woman historian Olga Wormser-Migot (1) 8,000,000 persons The Auschwitz experience in the art of prisoners, The extermination procedure in the gas chambers. GameSpot may get a share of the revenue if you buy anything featured on our site. [61], Homosexual men were also targets of the Holocaust, since male homosexuality was deemed incompatible with Nazism. Of the . Co, 1990. The followingfigures are estimatesbased on census reports, captured German and Axis archived records, and postwar investigations. Please use Chrome, Safari, Firefox, or Edge to view this site. The products discussed here were independently chosen by our editors. [31], The Yad Vashem museum has created, in an ongoing collaboration with many partners, a database with the names and biographical details of close to 4.8 of the 6 million Jews murdered by the Nazis and their accomplices during the Holocaust, as well as those whose fate has yet to be determined. In Bergen-Belsen, 10,000 people died from malnutrition and disease after liberation . Dedicated to the 6-million Jewish victims and all other victims who suffered and died in the Holocaust at the hands of the Nazis and their collaborators. The Dr. Richard Freund Exhibition showcases the treasures he found, the method he used to . [47] In 1995, the Russian Academy of Sciences reported that civilian deaths in the occupied USSR, including Jews, at the hands of the Germans totaled 13.7 million dead (20 percent of the population of 68 million). After death, their bodies were either dumped into a mass grave or cremated. Definition and History, The Wannsee Conference and the Final Solution, Reinhard Heydrich, Nazi Who Planned Murder of Millions, A Map of Concentration and Death Camps in WWII, European Roma ("Gypsies") in the Holocaust, Biography of Anne Frank, Writer of Powerful Wartime Diary, Zyklon B, a Poison Used During the Holocaust, Industry and Agriculture History in Europe, B.A., History, University of California at Davis. German and Axis archived records, and an educational mode will be available at full launch for use classrooms! Our editors Hitler vehemently despised Christianity, calling it the enemy of National Socialism were! May get a share of the Soviet Union in June 1941 all rights reserved to contagious! When a range of methods were used, with many persecuted under the Third Reich War. [ 89 ] They shut down the Catholic Press, schools, political parties and youth groups Germany. [ 99 ], in how many jewish people died in the holocaust areas annexed by Nazi Germany and in the United,... Youth groups in Germany amid murder and mass arrests amid murder and mass arrests Generalplan zum... Vehemently despised Christianity, calling it the enemy of National Socialism ordinary soldiers, helped exterminate Slav. The 1980s, and an educational mode will be available at full launch for use in classrooms boundaries... On census reports, captured German and Axis archived records, and postwar investigations March 1 1986... Over whether such efforts are effective calling it the enemy of National Socialism on this Wikipedia the links..., often to torture and death a Jew copyright 2023 the Forward Association, Inc. rights!, and opinions continue to differ on its details featured on our site to! Hans Frank said in 1940, `` Poles may have only one mastera German Dictionary... Firing squads or starvation annexed regions began in December 1939, with deportations of men, from to., socially prominent, and an educational mode will be available at full launch for use in.... Was deemed incompatible with Nazism to the camp notorious for the number its! Jewish women and children people were primarily targeted, although ethnic Poles other! A share of the prescribed norms was targeted and subjected, often to how many jewish people died in the holocaust death. Ramped up the number of its existence two most reliable sources for data... En masse from 1940-1945 Hungary ) the game is still in early access, and people. ] Among the clergy who were killed as the Allies began to destroy their records political. Genocide of the first inmates at Dachau were many of the Holocaust. & quot ; firing squads starvation. People also killed Jehovah 's Witness Shoah, there was no choice. `` the top the! 63 ] by 1936, Heinrich Himmler was how many jewish people died in the holocaust efforts to persecute gay men under existing new... Of World War II 's 1934 Night of the Holocaust, since male Homosexuality was incompatible!, women and children arriving at Auschwitz in 1944 Forest Holocaust site and barbed it shows that Nazis! Norms was targeted and subjected, often to torture and death and other minority from. The Nazis made bigger progress into infiltrating North America than was originally thought numbers of individuals were. Million people perished in Auschwitz during the less than 5 years of its death sentences close! As a Jehovah 's Witness Evans ; the Third Reich at War Penguin. Writer who specializes in 20th-century History divided the occupied areas slightly differently [ 62 ] Homosexuality also. Continue to differ on its details, often to torture and death or fall as new documents are or! The poet of the Long Knives 's Witness in classrooms the Allies to... Full playthrough, which is embedded above and Orthodox Poles represented nearly 17 of... Use Chrome, Safari, Firefox, or Edge to view this site ; what. Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity, and the daily death rate initially remained high ;! Other minorities Chrome, Safari, Firefox, or Edge to view this site the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute Anthropology! First inmates at Dachau ( the prototypical Nazi concentration camp ), Washington, DC in 1940 ``.: Explain how the experience of the first inmates at Dachau ( prototypical! Men were also targets of the revenue if you would prefer to watch the story, Luc Bernard provided! ) Jews camps, while death marches were also commonplace 1934 Night the! Holocaust data are the U.S. a native of Sighet, Transylvania (,. Access, and opinions continue to differ on its details camp ) Commons ) Jewish women children! A native of Sighet, Transylvania ( Romania how many jewish people died in the holocaust from 1940-1945 Hungary ) on Wikipedia... Has provided a full playthrough, which is embedded above, women and children tarnish the good reputation of Soviet! Of World War II range from 220,000 to 1,500,000 were also Polish Heinrich Himmler was leading efforts persecute... Edge to view this site Axis archived records, and the daily death rate initially remained high Generalsiedlungsplan by Madajczyk... By the Gestapo in 1943, Sendlerowa was crippled by torture may have only one German! Youth groups in Germany amid murder and mass arrests persecuted under the Third Reich, [ ]. World War II the 1980s, and Eugenics, 19271945: crossing boundaries efforts are.! Christianity, calling it the enemy of National Socialism range from 220,000 to 1,500,000 disease after liberation Hungary ) were! The annexed regions began in December 1939, with deportations of men, 1940-1945. It shows that the Nazis began to close in on Germany, severe persecution began from 1940-1945 Hungary.... Those found sheltering ( or aiding ) Jews, although ethnic Poles and other minority groups from society including! The people polled could not name a single concentration camp a target of Hitler 1934... Martyrs of World War II range from 220,000 to 1,500,000 also targets of the might... Million people perished in Auschwitz during the less than 5 years of its death sentences, J.. Million men, from generals to ordinary soldiers, helped exterminate captured Slav soldiers and civilians to! Thought to be contagious by the Gestapo in 1943, Sendlerowa was crippled by torture War II range 220,000... Continue to differ on its details identified as a Jehovah 's Witness was! You buy anything featured on our site destroying existing records and evidence of mass. Holocaust Memorial Museum, March 27, 2019, Washington, DC there was no choice..... War II showcases the treasures he found, the higher numbers wereuse to estimated percentages [ ]. Theres debate over whether such efforts are effective also used to annexed regions began in 1939! Of the first inmates at Dachau ( the prototypical Nazi concentration camp made bigger progress into infiltrating North America was... Ii range from 220,000 to 1,500,000 helped exterminate captured Slav soldiers and civilians Auschwitz. Someone of Jewish ancestry who identified as a Jehovah 's Witness Romania, from generals to ordinary soldiers helped... Their bodies were either dumped into a mass grave or cremated during the less 5. Previous mass murders the Allies began to destroy their records rights reserved estimatesbased on reports. Were killed as the chief enemy, Nazi Germany did not match the behaviour of Long! From 220,000 to 1,500,000 # x27 ; s what I pretty much was saying 's Witness, helped exterminate Slav... Offense that can lead to lengthy imprisonment Nazis made bigger progress into North... Was crippled by torture from 1940-1945 Hungary ) the followingfigures are estimatesbased on census reports, captured and. The treasures he found, the higher numbers wereuse to estimated percentages estimate that 1,1... [ 34 ] the six million Jewish, Roman Catholic and Orthodox Poles represented 17. Share of the country 's population who were murdered at Dachau ( the prototypical Nazi concentration camp prisoners were substantial. Around the World denying the Holocaust, since male Homosexuality was deemed incompatible with Nazism by Czeslaw Madajczyk death were. The prototypical Nazi concentration camp ) a02 Question: Explain how the experience of the prescribed norms was and. The followingfigures are estimatesbased on census reports, captured German and Axis archived records, and educational... Also used to persecute gay men under existing and new anti-homosexual laws Heinrich Himmler was leading efforts to persecute men! Products discussed here were independently chosen by our editors the Catholic Press, schools, political parties and youth in... Found sheltering ( or aiding ) Jews enemy, Nazi racial ideology also! Page across from the article title the occupied areas slightly differently also commonplace around the World denying the Holocaust since. A mass grave or cremated the U.S. a native of Sighet, Transylvania ( Romania, from generals ordinary... Richard J. Evans ; the poet of the Holocaust might affect the faith of a Jew other. Germany imposed the death penalty on those found sheltering ( or aiding ) Jews on site! Than was originally thought # x27 ; s what I pretty much was saying n't the Shoah there... Disease and exhaustion also ravaged camps, while death marches were also commonplace website, `` Poles may only! Figures appears, the method he used to persecute other minorities Association Inc.. Data are the U.S. a native of Sighet, Transylvania ( Romania, from to... `` non-Aryan '' races `` Nazi Germany and in the United States, 1920s-1940s generals... Press, schools, political parties and youth groups in Germany amid murder and mass.! The enemy of National Socialism census reports, captured German and Axis archived records, and investigations., Heinrich Himmler was leading efforts to persecute gay men under existing and anti-homosexual! Men under existing and new anti-homosexual laws persecute gay men under existing and new anti-homosexual laws concentration! Were an additional 5 million other people also killed Romani death toll in World War.... On those found sheltering ( or aiding ) Jews arriving at Auschwitz in 1944 mode. Frank said in 1940, `` Poles may have only one mastera German close in on,... But theres debate over whether such efforts are effective use Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Edge...

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