corporal punishment in schools uk

In fact it had no such effect, and the Head Teachers' union advised its members to continue to be "cautious" about using CP on girls. There was the odd exception like Northwich Girls' Grammar School; but even there, the formidable Miss Janet Dines claimed she had hardly used the cane in ten years before the event that got her into all the newspapers in 1976. [115] This decision repealed section 7 of article 27 of the Civil Wrongs Ordinance 1944, which provided a defence for the use of corporal punishment in childrearing, and stated that "the law imposes an obligation on state authorities to intervene in the family unit and to protect the child when necessary, including from his parents. Nowadays, it is explicitly prohibited in sections 2.9 and 3.7 of the Education Act 1998,2 amended 2008: "Corporal punishment or other humiliating forms of treatment must not be used. [195], In 19th-century France, caning was dubbed "The English Vice", probably because of its widespread use in British schools. Some might feel that it would be difficult to think of a more appropriate case for a smart swishing. According to the Law for the Protection of Children and Adolescents, "All children and young people have a right to be treated well. [110][111], In the law of the Republic of Ireland, corporal punishment was prohibited in 1982 by an administrative decision of John Boland, the Minister for Education, which applied to national schools (most primary schools) and to secondary schools receiving public funding (practically all of them). A key European Court of Human Rights judgment (1982), which hastened the demise of corporal punishment in British state schools. The medical evidence was that the marks on his bottom were already fading by the following day. argue that it provides an immediate response to indiscipline so that the student is quickly back in the classroom learning, unlike suspension from school. DFEECircular No 10/98 [44], In Australia, caning used to be common in schools for both boys and girls but has been effectively banned since the late 80's, with the practice gradually abandoned up to a decade earlier as cultural and social norms shifted. [225], Corporal punishment is technically unlawful in schools under article 75 of the Education Law 2005,[226] but there is no clear statement that corporal punishment is prohibited. Slippering and caning were used to some degree, but the cane here was more likely to be applied, if at all, to the palm of the hand than elsewhere, and would tend to be a shorter and lighter instrument than the 36-inch cane often used at secondary level. By the late 1960s the traditional "six of the best" had given way in most places to milder penalties of only two or three strokes as the norm, though to some extent this must have been compensated for by the fact that, with the advent of synthetic textiles, trouser material became significantly thinner in the 1960s. In any case it has now been superseded by the following: Hansard: New clause 21: Corporal punishment (New URL) [9], Poland was the first nation to outlaw corporal punishment in schools in 1783. [162] This is administered in a formal ceremony by the school management after due deliberation, not by classroom teachers. In this 1894 court case, a clearly out-of-control teacher was successfully prosecuted and fined for assault. Liberal regions in South Korea have completely banned all forms of caning beginning with Gyeonggi Province in 2010, followed by Seoul Metropolitan City, Gangwon Province, Gwangju Metropolitan City and North Jeolla Province in 2011. [222] Students can be physically punished from kindergarten to the end of high school, meaning that even legal adults who have reached the age of majority are sometimes spanked by school officials. Some teachers required students to touch their toes, as illustrated on the front cover of the STOPP booklet shown above; this presented a particularly taut target (too much so, according to some practitioners), but it had the disadvantage of lacking stability -- the recipient might fall forwards with nothing to hold on to. It remains commonplace in a number of countries in Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East (see list of countries, below). It encourages children to resort to violence because they see their authority figures or substitute parents doing it Violence is not acceptable and we must not support it by sanctioning its use by such authority figures as school officials". 9146/80 [7][8] Other reported injuries to students include "sciatic nerve damage",[7] "extensive hematomas", and "life-threatening fat hemorrhage". The remainder were spread between those where canings took place every day and those where CP was almost unheard of, with every possible variation in between. The cane was also not uncommon, at least up to the late 1970s, in many mixed-sex schools, whether comprehensive or selective, though boys generally needed a lot more disciplining than girls. ", "Flashback: Corporal punishment in school was lawful until 1990", "The cane and the strap Hard News Public Address", "Education Act 1989 - New Zealand Legislation", "202C: Assault with weapon - Crimes Act 1961 No 43 as of 18 April 2012 - New Zealand Legislation", "School in corporal punishment spotlight", Corporal punishment of children in Norway, "PAKISTAN: Corporal punishment key reason for school dropouts", Corporal punishment of children in the Russian Federation, "DCI Sierra Leone urges the Government to prohibit: "all corporal punishment of children", "Sierra Leone | Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children", "To hit or not to hit: The use of the cane in schools in Sierra Leone", "SCHOOL CORPORAL PUNISHMENT: Video clip: Sierra Leone", "WORLD CORPORAL PUNISHMENT WEB LINKS: corporal punishment in schools", "Speech by Mr Tharman Shanmugaratnam, Acting Minister for Education", "Singapore: Corporal punishment in schools", "South African Schools Act, 1996, Chapter 2: Learners, Section 10: Prohibition of corporal punishment", "CORPORAL PUNISHMENT: video clips: schoolgirl canings in South Korea", "SCHOOL CORPORAL PUNISHMENT IN SOUTH KOREA", Global Initiative to End Corporal Punishment - Spain State Report, "Changing concepts of Grammar School teacher authority in Sweden 1927-1965", "Corporal punishment of children in Thailand", "WORLD CORPORAL PUNISHMENT: COUNTRY FILES, INCLUDING REGULATIONS, DESCRIPTIONS AND OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS - page 3: countries T to Z", "In Thailand, Students Take on the Military (and 'Death Eaters')", "Strict discipline at Thai schools by Richard McCully", "Many Thais favour use of cane for unruly youths: poll", "SCHOOL CORPORAL PUNISHMENT: video clips: Thailand 3", "Teacher in hot water for caning students 100 to 300 times", "End pupils' fear of teachers' canes (2018)", http://www.khda.gov.ae/pages/en/commonQuestionssch.aspx, "Corporal punishment ban makes discipline 'almost impossible' say UAE teachers", "UAE teacher banned after forcing child to remove shirt in class", "On this day: 25 February 1982: Parents can stop school beatings", "From the Archive - Caning 'scandal' in London", "2 Occasional Paper No 7: Discipline, Rules and Punishments in Schools", "Behave or bend over for the slipper: UK Grammar School life in the 1960s", "Sex discrimination laws prevented ban on the belt for girls, reveal archives", "Parents praise head who admitted caning girl pupils", "I was belted at school. (3) Richmond was also unusual in adding that girls, unlike boys, must not be caned at all, though they could be slapped with the open hand. [citation needed] In late 1987, about 60% of junior high school teachers felt it was necessary, with 7% believing it was necessary in all conditions, 59% believing it should be applied sometimes and 32% disapproving of it in all circumstances; while at elementary (primary) schools, 2% supported it unconditionally, 47% felt it was necessary and 49% disapproved. [190][191] Any teacher who engages in the practice would not only lose their job and teaching license, but will also face criminal prosecution for engaging in violence against minors and will also face child abuse charges. [8], Advocates of school corporal punishment[who?] This page is mainly about state schools in England and Wales. Application No. [citation needed] School corporal punishment is no longer legal in any European country. [8], The AAP cautions that there is a risk of corporal punishment in schools fostering the impression among students that violence is an appropriate means for managing others' behaviour. With the troubles with some pupils at some schools that you hear about on the News, the Its physical punishment, spanking , strapping, gym plimsoll, hand or cane on pupils bottoms, sometimes bare The Debate on Corporal Punishment before the European Commission and European Court of Human Rights (1978-1998) (At my own similarly ancient grammar school, this practice was said to have been stopped in the 1940s.) Effects of Corporal Punishment The Compulsory Education Law of 1986 states: "It shall be forbidden to inflict physical punishment on students". (2) Under Section 23 of the Education Act 1944. If the modern system of "school choice" had been in operation then -- or even if the local education authority had made an effort quietly to find ways of satisfying the requirements of a tiny number of (in my personal view) cranky parents, instead of being so arrogant and rigid about the whole thing -- the case would never have got off the ground and things might have gone differently over the last 40 years. It depended partly on who was allowed to use the cane: in some places all teachers were permitted to do so, while other schools restricted it to the head and deputy head, or perhaps to senior teachers or heads of department only. [204][205] This was wielded in primary as well as secondary schools for both trivial and serious offences, and girls got belted as well as boys. (2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) is guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a sentence which could be imposed for assault.[165]. WebIn the mid-20th century, discipline and punishment in English schools was relatively benign. Caning in Private Schools, 1960s The legislation came into force in 1987, but most Scottish local education authorities had already abolished it [citation needed], Much of the traditional culture that surrounds corporal punishment in school, at any rate in the English-speaking world, derives largely from British practice in the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly as regards the caning of teenage boys. It is easier to list the few maverick oddities than to try to summarise the majority: thus, the tawse was specified instead of the cane in a handful of places, including Newcastle, Gateshead, Manchester (which changed over from the cane in 1907), and Walsall. School Education Regulations, s40, cf Criminal Code Act, s257. Opponents, including many medical and psychological societies, along with human-rights groups, argue that physical punishment is ineffective in the long term, interferes with learning, leads to antisocial behavior as well as causing low self-esteem and other forms of mental distress, and is a form of violence that breaches the rights of children. "Public" ceremonies of formal caning in front of the whole school were rare in modern times, though not completely unknown. Corporal Punishment Archive Stephen Fry on Corporal Punishment Campbell and Cosans case They assumed a right of chastisement was a defense of justification against the accusation of "causing bodily harm" per Paragraph (=Section) 223 Strafgesetzbuch (Federal Penal Code). In the relatively few places in England where the leather strap (tawse) rather than the cane was the instrument of choice, it too might be administered to the buttocks, at any rate for boys (as in Walsall and Gateshead), but in other places (e.g. [19] Communists in other countries such as Britain took the lead in campaigning against school corporal punishment, which they viewed as a symptom of the decadence of capitalist education systems. According to the Children and Adolescents Code, "The child and adolescent has the right to good treatment, comprising a non-violent upbringing and education Any physical, violent and humiliating punishment is prohibited". Eventually, all forms of corporal punishment were banned in Spain in 2007.[172]. In Tyrer v.UK the Court held that the judicial birching of a 15 year-old boy breached his right to protection from degrading punishment.In the following two decades the Court condemned school corporal punishment, first in One consequence of the perceived collapse in school discipline has been a tendency for some (especially immigrant-descended) parents to send their teens abroad to complete their secondary studies, often to Africa or the Caribbean, where a stricter and more structured education, including CP where necessary, is still available. Short article in History Today (2012) asserts that it was only in the 1890s that ordinary class teachers gained the right to use CP; before that, only head teachers were legally entitled to do so, under the common-law doctrine of in loco parentis. [168][169][170] Anecdotal evidence suggests that the caning of girls is not particularly unusual, and that they might be as likely to be caned as boys. [23][89], Colombian private and public schools were banned from using "penalties involving physical or psychological abuse" through the Children and Adolescents Code 2006, though it is not clear whether this also applies to indigenous communities. Cuartas offers three steps educators and caregivers can take toward eradicating spanking in schools and homes: Recognize that spanking is not an effective tool of discipline in the classroom or at home. [7], A number of international human-rights organizations including the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights have stated that physical punishment of any kind is a violation of children's human rights.[37][38][39]. removal from a class or group. More informally, the "slipper" -- something of a euphemism: in fact it was normally a big, heavy gym shoe or plimsoll -- was widely used for instant, unofficial discipline over the clothed seat of both sexes (though, again, many more boys than girls), typically in the presence of classmates. [21] In mainland China, corporal punishment in schools was outlawed in 1986,[22] although the practice remains common, especially in rural areas. 294 of 2002 gives the authority to order corporal punishment to the headmaster of a school, who can delegate to any teacher on a case-by-case basis. This right includes a non-violent education and upbringing Consequently, all forms of physical and humiliating punishment are prohibited". European Court of Human Rights, Strasbourg, 25 March 1993", "The States Where Teachers Can Still Spank Students", "Prohibition of all corporal punishment in Venezuela (2007)", "Promoting positive discipline in school", VIET NAM BRIEFING FOR THE HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL UNIVERSAL PERIODIC REVIEW HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL UNIVERSAL PERIODIC REVIEW 5th session, 2008, "Hanoi in shock after teacher beats primary school students for being late - VnExpress International", "SCHOOL CORPORAL PUNISHMENT: video clips: Vietnam - caning of schoolgirls", "SCHOOL CORPORAL PUNISHMENT: video clips: Vietnam - caning of secondary boys and girls", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=School_corporal_punishment&oldid=1136396437, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, CS1 Chinese (Malaysia)-language sources (zh-my), Articles with dead external links from July 2021, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2009, Articles lacking reliable references from March 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Americans for a Society Free from Age Restrictions, This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 03:29. And in this Aug 1959 case, a six-whack slippering for a 12-year-old was deemed reasonable by magistrates. The original application was by the boy's mother, who was "horrified" when she saw the "injuries" on Matthew's backside, but it is interesting that he showed them to her only after his sister called attention to them, and he himself had not spontaneously thought the matter worthy of mention upon his arrival home that day. to the head teacher and those specifically delegated by him or her. [citation needed] Other communist regimes followed suit: for instance, corporal punishment was "unknown" by students in North Korea in 2007. (See list of countries, below.). Several more Labour-controlled LEAs followed suit in the early 1980s. Corporal punishment "Bend over!" [77], In many parts of Canada, 'the strap' had not been used in public schools since the 1970s or even earlier: thus, it has been claimed that it had not been used in Quebec since the 1960s,[78] and in Toronto it was banned in 1971. The Rules authorising this should be repealed. A few Christian private schools held out, and fought the ban through the courts, ultimately without success (see links below). In Ukraine, "physical or mental violence" against children is forbidden by the Constitution (Art.52.2) and the Law on Education (Art.51.1, since 1991) which states that students and other learners have the right "to the protection from any form of exploitation, physical and psychological violence, actions of pedagogical and other employees who violate the rights or humiliate their honour and dignity". And corporal punishment continued in some places for a long [7], School teachers and policymakers often rely on personal anecdotes to argue that school corporal punishment improves students' behavior and achievements. According to an amendment to the Code on Children and Adolescents 1990, "Children and Adolescents are entitled to be educated and cared for without the use of physical punishment or cruel or degrading treatment as forms of correction, discipline, education or any other pretext". See also this May 1978 news item about unofficial slippering at a famous boys' comprehensive school in inner London. But anti-CP campaigners used to complain that aggrieved parents rarely got a fair hearing in the courts. The only rule laid down by central government was that all formal CP was supposed to be recorded in a punishment book.(1). School corporal punishment is the deliberate infliction of physical pain as a response to undesired behavior by students. Another marked difference from the private sector is that very few state schools in the modern era allowed prefects (selected senior pupils) to administer CP. Joe The King: 1999 Joe is spanked on his bare bum over his teachers lap in front of his class. Around 60% of children aged 214 years regularly suffer physical punishment by their parents or other caregivers. It was a mild example of what Americans call "locker-room culture", an often semi-jocular experience in an often "macho" atmosphere. [25], A number of medical, pediatric or psychological societies have issued statements opposing all forms of corporal punishment in schools, citing such outcomes as poorer academic achievements, increases in antisocial behaviours, injuries to students, and an unwelcoming learning environment. Wind forward nearly 70 years, and their unique, historic memories - and the sense of camaraderie and community that came with them - are marked in print and picture. [117], Although banned in 1947, corporal punishment is still commonly found in schools in the 2010s and particularly widespread in school sports clubs. One education committee, Romford (then in Essex but now part of Greater London), unusually banned public CP in 1961 after six girls were caned in front of 600 schoolmates. [Source Global Initiative to End All Corporate Punishment of Children]. [UPDATE: This is more or less what later happened in Williamson, the "Christian schools" case, see above.]. 8 (2006): The right of the child to protection from corporal punishment and or cruel or degrading forms of punishment (articles 1, 28(2), and 37, inter alia)", "Europe-Wide Ban on Corporal Punishment of Children, Recommendation 1666", "Report on Corporal Punishment and Human Rights of Children and Adolescents", "Dilogo, premios y penitencias: cmo poner lmites sin violencia", "En Argentina, del golpe a la convivencia", "Laughter as alumni share stories about getting the cane", "Federal Government rules out return of corporal punishment, after curriculum adviser says it can be 'very effective', "Senator keeps up fight against cane in schools", "Teachers given the cane go-ahead in some Queensland schools", "ACT Schools Authority decides to abolish cane", "Libs push for discipline codes, including corporal punishment, in ACT schools", "The Last Hold-Out Caves: The Slow Death Of Corporal Punishment In Our Schools", "Education and Children's Services Act 2019 - SECT 32", "Last WA school using corporal punishment forced to end practice from next term", "Prohibition of all corporal punishment in Bolivia (2014)", "Brazil Prohibits All Corporal Punishment", "Do our new-found ideas on children maybe explain the fact we can't control them? Discussion of the above and other ECHR cases, from a "children's rights" point of view. [7] According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, "Corporal punishment signals to the child that a way to settle interpersonal conflicts is to use physical force and inflict pain". Copyright C. Farrell 2008-2021 However, the majority of punishments and main aim of them have remained the same in 2022. [41], Corporal punishment of minors in the United States, According to the Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children, all forms of corporal punishment in schools are outlawed in 128 countries as of 2016. [36], According to the AAP, research shows that corporal punishment is less effective than other methods of behaviour management in schools, and "praise, discussions regarding values, and positive role models do more to develop character, respect, and values than does corporal punishment". See for instance this Nov 1997 news item about an under-achieving 13-year-old whose parents sent him to school in Ghana, with miraculous results, and this similar Nov 2007 report in which a British 17-year-old, sent away, also to Ghana, to study for his GCSEs, admitted he had been caned there several times and agreed he was benefiting academically from the novel experience of strict discipline. WebCorporal Punishment in Schools - YouTube 0:00 / 4:11 Corporal Punishment in Schools MrForgettablePodcast 45.2K subscribers Subscribe 1.1K 486K views 7 years ago Please Some schools did cane in classrooms or halls or corridors, witnessed by whoever happened to be present. It is a myth that abolition was overwhelmingly demanded by school pupils themselves. educational institution in conformity with human dignity and, in that regard, he has the right not to be subjected to corporal or degrading disciplinary measures. Webmortarboard and cane corporal punishment - corporal punishment in schools stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images Vintage illustration featuring a schoolboy being caned during a Greek lesson in "The Boy's Own Paper", published in London, circa 1896. Various emails have told me that boys were occasionally caned, but punishment 144329 / Circular 9/82 / Re: The Abolition of Corporal Punishment in National Schools", "Circular M5/82 / Abolition of Corporal Punishment in Schools in respect of Financial Aid from the Department of Education", "Non-Fatal Offences Against the Person Act, 1997, Section 24", "Non-Fatal Offences Against the Person Bill, 1997: Second Stage", Corporal punishment of children in Israel, "Children's Rights in Israel: An End to Corporal Punishment? Hastened the demise of corporal punishment is no longer legal in any European country on his bottom were already by... Medical evidence was that the marks on his bottom were already fading by school. But anti-CP campaigners used to complain that aggrieved parents rarely got a fair hearing the... Out, and fought the ban through the courts, ultimately without success ( see links below ) European of. A myth that abolition was overwhelmingly demanded by school pupils themselves, ultimately without (... Court of Human Rights judgment ( 1982 ), which hastened the demise corporal. Was successfully prosecuted and fined for assault. ) the school management after deliberation. This page is mainly about state schools this May 1978 news item about unofficial at! The deliberate infliction of physical pain as a response to undesired behavior by students hastened the demise corporal... Christian private schools held out, and fought the ban through the courts, ultimately without success see... Him or her following day no longer legal in any European country a fair hearing in the early 1980s myth... A famous boys ' comprehensive school in inner London a key European Court of Rights... 1982 ), which hastened the demise of corporal punishment the Compulsory Education Law of 1986:. Other ECHR cases, from a `` children 's Rights '' point of view due deliberation not. 1978 news item about unofficial slippering at a famous boys ' comprehensive school in inner London [ 172 ] and... 1982 ), which hastened the demise of corporal punishment were banned Spain., a clearly out-of-control teacher was successfully prosecuted and fined for assault of! Children aged 214 years regularly suffer physical punishment on students '' and upbringing,... In British state schools in England and Wales not by classroom teachers ) Under Section of! Regularly suffer physical punishment on students '' ban through the courts punishments and main aim of have. '' point of view the head teacher and those specifically delegated by him or her 8,. 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[ citation needed ] school corporal punishment were banned in Spain in 2007. [ 172 ] not completely.! Got a fair hearing in the courts slippering for a 12-year-old was deemed reasonable by magistrates Education and Consequently. Punishment is no longer legal in any European country non-violent Education and upbringing Consequently, all forms of corporal were.... [ 172 ] Rights '' point of view joe the King: 1999 is. Key European Court of Human Rights judgment ( 1982 ), which hastened the demise of corporal punishment [?! A more appropriate corporal punishment in schools uk for a smart swishing, s257 courts, ultimately without success ( see of! Behavior by students think of a more appropriate case for a smart swishing all of! 12-Year-Old was deemed reasonable by magistrates spanked on his bare bum over his teachers lap in front of his.... Evidence was that the marks on his bare bum over his teachers in. For assault page is mainly about state schools 23 of the Education Act.! 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[ 162 ] this is administered in a formal ceremony by the school management after due deliberation not! In 2007. [ 172 ] of corporal punishment were banned in Spain in 2007. [ ]. List of countries, below. ), s40, cf Criminal Code Act, s257 his lap! Pain as a response to undesired behavior by students were already fading by the day. Of physical and humiliating punishment are prohibited '' 2007. [ 172 ] see also this May 1978 item. A key European Court of Human Rights judgment ( 1982 ), which hastened the demise of corporal were. His teachers lap in front of the Education Act 1944 children aged 214 years regularly physical. Success ( see links below ) punishment in English schools was relatively benign some might feel it... A few Christian private schools held out, and fought the ban through the courts to undesired by! 2007. [ 172 ] % of children ] Advocates of school corporal punishment [ who? the 1980s! The head teacher and those specifically delegated by him or her for assault punishment of children ] C. 2008-2021.

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